Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched

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Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched , b. Kulmus (born April 11, 1713 in Danzig , † June 26, 1762 in Leipzig ), was a German writer in the early Age of Enlightenment . As an employee of her husband Johann Christoph Gottsched and increasingly independently, she wrote newspaper articles and translated or edited contemporary literary and scientific works.

The Gottschedin, oil painting by
Elias Gottlob Haußmann (around 1750)

Life and accomplishments

Luise Adelgunde Victorie Kulmus was born on April 11, 1713 in Danzig as the daughter of the doctor Johann Georg Kulmus and his wife Katharina Dorothea, née. Pan, born. Her uncle was the anatomist Johann Adam Kulmus (1689–1745). The linguistically and musically gifted child received early instruction in French, English and Greek as well as piano and lute playing. Luise composed small pieces and wrote poems. At the age of 16 she got to know Johann Christoph Gottsched, married him six years later after the death of her parents and moved with him to Leipzig after he had received a position as a full professor of logic and metaphysics.

Her husband encouraged her further education in Leipzig. She listened to his lectures on philosophy, rhetoric, poetics, and style and took part in his major projects: the binding high-level German language and the stage reform based on the French model. She learned Latin in a short time and received music lessons from a Bach student. As his secretary and assistant, she worked to her husband and took on increasingly larger tasks. At this time Gottsched, together with Wolff , had a great influence on the scientific and literary scene as a representative of the Enlightenment, was the editor of various magazines and was well networked in the printing and publishing industry. The “Gottschedin” or “the skillful friend”, as she was called in her husband's preliminary remarks on her publications, was initially in his shadow, but was also able to distinguish herself through the publications and it became more and more apparent what part she played her husband's work: she carried out the correspondence, built up the library, copied documents and took part in the translations of books and magazines from various European languages. She conducted independent preliminary investigations or wrote articles on his works such as the art of language , the critical history of the German language or the six volumes of the Deutsche Schaubühne . Of the 635 articles in the extensive four-part work of Mr. Peter Baylen ... Historical and Critical Dictionary, translated into German according to the latest edition of 1740 , which appeared between 1741 and 1744, 330 are from her. But it was only through her own publication of dramas and translations of scientific works that she became a respected person in literary life and, in the time of sensitivity , when Gottsched's authority waned, she received more public attention than her husband with dedications, honors and awards. This response is based primarily on a number of games that were played a lot during their lifetime and Sometimes anonymously published comedies (so-called “Saxon type comedy”) and tragedies (e.g. Panthea ). Her best-known piece, Die Pietisterey im Fischbein-Rocke , is an anti-pietistic satire in the sense of the Enlightenment based on a French model by Guillaume-Hyacinthe Bougeant . The academically interested readers praised their encyclopedic publications, e. B. her translation of the 10-volume history of the Royal Academy of Fine Sciences in Paris with treatises on the liberal arts, learned languages ​​on historical subjects. If you look at the literary and scientific breadth of her work, the praise of Empress Maria Theresa at an audience in Vienna in 1747 that she was the most learned woman in Germany can be explained in superlatives from the situation, but in the formulation "one of the most learned ... “Certainly true. The Gottschedin, who was increasingly emancipating herself from her husband and, in contrast to him, accepted the change in taste and rated authors of sensitivity such as Milton , Haller , Gellert and Klopstock positively, spent most of the time at her desk or in the university library in Leipzig, only interrupted from a few trips z. B. to Vienna (1749), a tour on which she was celebrated by her admirers, via Erfurt, Gotha and Kassel to Hanover, via Braunschweig, Halberstadt, Dresden back to Leipzig (1753), a visit to her friend Dorothea Henriette von Runckel in Görlitz (1754).

The writer's basic problem was the shared loyalty between her husband's dogmatics and her own judgments. The vain Gottsched demanded their unreserved support in the fight against the sensitive poets. But she could only give this to him in public. Internally, she agreed with his critics that true poetry cannot be created according to his system of rules. Gottsched's one-sided rational orientation and his pedagogical impetus, which he stubbornly defended, his rejection of wild, irregular literature, e.g. B. Shakespeare , they increasingly bothered. Nevertheless, she wrote a satirical open letter to Lessing , because he repeatedly mocked her husband. She found a late fulfillment in her three years of work on the history of lyrical poetry by the Germans , but at the time of the Seven Years' War and the occupation of Leipzig by Prussian troops, she could not find a publisher because of the financial risk of such a special work. Since 1760 she suffered from a nervous fever. In the letters published posthumously by her friend Dorothea she indicated that the deeper cause of her illness was her uninterrupted work, the pain of her unhappy marriage and the humiliation caused by her husband's affairs. On June 26, 1762, she died in Leipzig after several strokes and partial paralysis.

Works

Poetry

  • First poems (from 1725)
  • Happy Russia (Ode, 1733)
  • The woman LAV Gottschedinn, geb. Kulmus, all of the smaller poems: in addition to that of many distinguished notables, patrons and the like. Friends of beyderley sex, you donated honor maale. ed. v. her surviving spouse (Breitkopf Leipzig 1763)

Dramas

  • The Pietisterey in a whalebone skirt based on the model La Femme docteur ou la théologie janseniste tombée en quenouille (1732) by Guillaume-Hyacinthe Bougeant (first print anonymous: "Rostock, at the expense of good friends", Bernhard and Christoph Breitkopf Leipzig 1736)
  • The unequal Heyrath (1743)
  • The Hausfranzösinn or the Mammsell (1744)
  • Der Witzling ( The Deutsche Schaubühne according to the rules and patterns of the ancients , published by Johann Christoph Gottsched, vol. 6, Bernhard and Christoph Breitkopf Leipzig 1745)
  • The Testament (1745)
  • Panthea (tragedy, 1744 or 1751) [1]
  • The best prince. A prelude to the high birthday of your royal. Your Highness, the most noble princess and wife, Mrs. Johannen Elisabethen, married princess of Anhalt ... (1755)

Letters

  • Letters 1, edited by Dorothea Henriette von Runckel (Dresden 1771)
  • Letters 2, edited by Dorothea Henriette von Runckel (Kanter 1772)
  • Letters 3, edited by Dorothea Henriette von Runckel (Kanter 1776)

Translations and adaptations of literary works

Translations or adaptations of scientific works and own journal articles

  • Translation of Madame de Lambert's Reflections on the Woman's Room (1731)
  • Translation of the collection of speeches Triumph der Weltweisheit, in the style of the French victory of Mrs. Gomez's eloquence with an appendix of three speeches by L. A, V. Gottsched, geb. Kulmus (Breitkopf Leipzig 1739)
  • Collaboration on the translation of the moral weekly " The Spectator " by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele (1739–1743)
  • Satire: Horatij As a well-experienced shipper, loyal acclamation to all Wolfians, in a speech about the words of the XIV. Ode of the Ith book, Wobey is at the same time thoroughly refuted the modern Wolfian philosophy. (1740)
  • Translation: Two writings which were exchanged by the Marquis de Chatelet, bored Baroness de Breteuil, and M. de Mairan, permanent secretary at the French Academy of Sciences, concerning the measure of living forces. by Gabrielle Emilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil Du Châtelet (Breitkopf Leipzig 1741)
  • Collaboration on the translation of Pierre Bayle's Historical and Critical Dictionary (1741–1744)
  • Translation of Fontenelle's praise to the Freiherr von Leibnitz as an introduction to Gottsched's translation of the Theodicee von Leibniz: Herr Gottfried Wilhelms, Freyherrn von Leibnitz, Theodicee, that is, attempt of the goodness of God, freedom of man, and of the origin of evil (Förster Hannover and Leipzig 1744)
  • Reviews and articles on Gottsched's magazine Neuer Büchersaal der Schöne Wissenschaften und Freyen Künste (1745–1750)
  • Translation: The shattered Freymäurer or continuation of the betrayed order of the Freymäurer by Abbé Larudan (Néaulme & de Bourdeaux Berlin and Leipzig 1747)
  • Essays on the third edition of Gottsched's moral weekly Die Vernächtigen Tadlerinnen , et al. a. On the learning of the woman and on work and idleness (1748)
  • Translation: New collection of exquisite pieces from Pogens, Eachards, Newtons and other writings (Leipzig 1749)
  • Translation: History of the Royal Academy of Fine Sciences in Paris which at the same time contains innumerable treatises from all the free arts, learned languages, and antiquities. 10 parts (Johann Paul Krauss Leipzig 1750–1756)
  • Collaboration on Gottsched's magazine The latest from graceful erudition (1751–1762)
  • Collection of all the pamphlets recently published on the alleged law of nature, from the smallest force in the effects of the bodies between Maupertuis and Professor König by Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis and Samuel König (1753)
  • Translation of Terrasson's philosophy according to its influence on all objects of mind and morals (1756)
  • Messages belonging to the life of Frau von Maintenon and of the previous century by Laurent Angliviel de von La Beaumelle, first and second part (Rüdiger Berlin 1761), third and fourth part (Rüdiger Berlin 1757), fifth and sixth part (Rüdiger Berlin 1757)
  • Translation of Beausobre's Thoughts on Happiness, or Philosophical Reflections on the Good and Evil of Human Life (1758)
  • Satire: Letters concerning the introduction of the English taste in plays, where at the same time the seventeenth letter concerning the new literature [by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing] is answered (1760)
  • Collaboration on Gottsched's Handlexicon or Brief Dictionary of Fine Sciences and Freyen Künste (1760)
  • History of the lyrical poetry of the Germans (not published)

Newer editions

  • Comedy: Die Pietisterey im Fischbein-Rocke, Das Testament, Der Witzling , Jazzybee Verlag, Kindle Edition 2012
  • The Pietisterey in the whalebone skirt , Reclam's Universal Library Volume 8579, special cover 1986
  • The Pietisterey in the whalebone skirt or The Doctor-like Woman , Zenodot Verlagsgesellscha 2015
  • The house French, or the Mamsell. A German comedy in five acts , theater texts 23rd edited by Nina Birkner. Wehrhahn Verlag, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-86525-134-3 .
  • The Witzling , Edition Holzinger 2013
  • All of the smaller poems , Nabu Press 2012
  • The testament. A German comedy in five acts , Hofenberg Collection 2015
  • Collection of all pamphlets , Kessinger Publishing (Reprint) 2010
  • New collection of selected pieces, from Popens, Eachards, Newtons, and Andrer Schriften , Kessinger Publishing (Reprint) 2010
  • The spectator [The Spectator], Nabu Press 2012
  • Letters from Frau Bohrene Kulmus (1771-72) , (Reprint) hansebooks 2017
  • With the pen in hand. Letters from the years 1730 - 1762 . Edited by Inka Kording. WBG Darmstadt 2001, ISBN 3-534-13741-8 (letters to J. Chr. Gottsched, Dorothea Henriette (von) Runkel and others. With time table, register.)

literature

  • Gabriele Ball (Ed.): Discourses of the Enlightenment. Luise Adelgunde Victorie and Johann Christoph Gottsched . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-447-05495-6 . (= Wolfenbüttel research series. 112).
  • Hilary Brown: "As if you came from the Thems and the Seyne". Luise Gottsched (1713–1762) as a translator . In: Brunhilde Wehinger, Hilary Brown (ed.): Translation culture in the 18th century. Translators in Germany, France and Switzerland . Wehrhahn, Hanover 2008, ISBN 978-3-86525-212-8 , pp. 37-52.
  • Katherine Goodman: Goodbye Divine Comtesse. Luise Gottsched, Charlotte Sophie Countess Bentinck and Johann Christoph Gottsched in their letters . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8260-4098-6 .
  • Katherine Goodman: Amazons and Apprentices. Women and the German Parnassus in the Early Enlightenment . Camden House, Rochester NY 1999, ISBN 1-57113-138-8 .
  • Renate Feyl: Idyll with Professor. Kiepenheuer & Witsch (2002), ISBN 978-3-462-02194-3 .
  • Angela Reinthal: Dedicated appropriation. The Gottschedin in Renate Feyl's "Idylle mit Professor" . In: Christian von Zimmermann (ed.): Facts and fiction. Strategies of fictional biographical portrayals of poets in novels, drama and film since 1970 . Narr, Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-8233-5648-8 , pp. 131-146. (= Mannheim contributions to linguistics and literary studies. Vol. 48).
  • Veronica Christine Richel: Luise Gottsched. A reconsideration . Lang, Frankfurt 1973, ISBN 3-261-00807-5 . (= Series of European University Papers. Series 1, Vol. 75)
  • Margarete Schecker: The Gottschedin. In Emmy Wolff Ed .: Generations of Women in Pictures. Herbig, Berlin 1928, pp. 20-23
  • Paul Schlenther : Mrs. Gottsched and the bourgeois comedy . A cultural image from the Zopfzeit. Hertz, Berlin 1886. ( archive.org ).
  • Kurt Wölfel :  Gottsched, Luise Adelgunde Victoria née Kulmus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 687 f. ( Digitized version ).

Varia

The German Translation Fund awards the Luise-Adelgunde-Victorie-Gottsched-Scholarship in the amount of 3000 €. It is intended as an educational leave for professional literary translators.

Web links

Commons : Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the history of the University of Leipzig: Women and the University in the Century of Enlightenment .
  2. ↑ z. B. dedicated Benjamin Ephraim von Krüger to her, his esteemed patroness, his tragedy Vitichab and Dankwart, the Allemannic Brothers (Dyck Leipzig 1746).
  3. ^ Vulliod, A. (1912): la femme docteur. Mme. Gottsched et son modèle français bougeant ou jansénisme et piétisme. Lyon: Rey
personal data
SURNAME Gottsched, Luise Adelgunde Victorie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gottschedin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 11, 1713
PLACE OF BIRTH Danzig
DATE OF DEATH June 26, 1762
Place of death Leipzig