Lung mushroom
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Lung oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus pulmonarius ) |
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| Pleurotus pulmonarius | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr .: Fr.) Quél |
The lung oyster ( Pleurotus pulmonarius ), and spoon-shaped oyster or summer oyster mushroom is a fungus species from the family of Seitlingsartigen . It is closely related to the oyster mushroom , and cross-breeding experiments have shown that the lung mushroom is an independent species.
features
Macroscopic features
The lung mushroom resembles the related oyster mushroom, as with this the fruiting bodies appear in dense clusters on the substrate , whereby the fruiting bodies of the lung mushrooms are smaller and more tender than the oyster mushrooms. The stem is short and attaches to the side. The upper side of the oyster mushrooms is usually lighter in color than that of the oyster mushrooms, the color ranges from creamy white to light beige, sometimes gray to brownish, but is always without any blue tones. The lung mushroom smells pleasant, when fresh it smells sweet like aniseed . It tends to turn yellow, especially when it is dry and on the edge of the hat.
Microscopic features
Microscopically, the lung mushroom shows thick-walled cells of the trama lamellae and a cap skin thickness of 40–50 µm.
Ecology and phenology
The lung mushroom is a saprobiont and weak parasite on various hardwoods; Beech , ash , poplar , birch , walnut and Sorbus species are listed as substrates . Like the oyster mushroom, it lives in forests that are moist to the ground and air, but also occurs outside of forests on the appropriate substrate. In contrast to the oyster mushroom, the lung mushroom does not need a cold stimulus to trigger fructification , so it is also found in summer and early autumn.
distribution
The lung mushroom is widespread in the Holarctic , it is given for Australia, Krieglsteiner questions whether it is indigenous occurrences. In Europe, the lung mushroom is much more common in northern areas ( Hebrides , Scandinavia ) than in western and southern areas. In Germany, the lung mushroom occurs widely throughout the area. When specifying the distribution, it should be noted that it is often confused with the oyster mushroom.
confusion
Forms of oyster mushrooms that grow in the summer months can look very similar because they are usually lighter in color than the forms in winter (up to completely white). It is usually stronger and thicker-fleshed, has an inconspicuous, pleasant or metallic (not anise-like) odor, yellows less often and has a mostly shaggy, curly stem base. Microscopically, it is characterized by thin-walled hyphae in the lamellar trama and a cap skin thickness of 90–120 µm.
The Rillstielige Seitling has a longer, more central stem with deeply sloping, anastomosing lamellae. Microscopically, it differs through a dimitic structure of the Huttrama.
The potentially highly poisonous ear-shaped white oyster mushroom ( Pleurocybella porrigens ) only grows on coniferous wood and forms translucent, glassy white, sessile and cone-shaped fruiting bodies without a stem, but with lamellae converging at the point of growth.
The Berindete Seitling differs in its velum .
meaning
The lung mushroom is edible. As a wood or forest pest, it is of no importance.
literature
- A. Bresinsky: Snow cap mushrooms - oyster mushrooms. In: The Tintling . 4/2006, pp. 8-18, ISSN 1430-595X .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 3: Bolete and agaric mushrooms. Part 1: Strobilomycetaceae and Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiacea, Hygrophoracea, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellar). Mykologia, Luzern 1991, ISBN 3-85604-030-7 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Leaf mushrooms I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 .
