Lushoto (District)

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Lushoto District
Location of the Lushoto district in Tanzania
Location of the Lushoto district in Tanzania
Basic data
Country Tanzania
region tanga
surface 2300 km²
Residents 492,441 (2012)
density 214 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 TZ-25

Coordinates: 4 ° 48 ′  S , 38 ° 16 ′  E

Lushoto is a district in the Tanga region in northeastern Tanzania with the administrative center in the city of Lushoto . It is bordered on the northeast by Kenya , on the east by the district Mkinga , in the southeast, south and southwest to the district Korogwa and in the northwest to the region Kilimanjaro .

View of the city of Lushoto.
Usambara Mountains

geography

The district has an area of ​​2300 square kilometers and 492,441 inhabitants (as of 2012). The country can be topographically divided into two areas:

  • The Usambara Mountains , which take up around three quarters of the area, at an altitude of 1000 to 2100 meters above sea level.
  • The plain in the northeast, which is at an altitude of 300 to 600 meters.

Most of the drainage is via the Umba River , which has its source in the Usambara Mountains, flows east and flows into the Indian Ocean .

The climate in Lushoto depends on the altitude, but mostly moderately warm, Cfb according to the effective climate classification . There are two rainy seasons. Short showers fall from October to December, long rains fall from March to June. From July to September it is quite dry. A total of 500 to 800 millimeters of precipitation falls in the lowlands, 800 to 2000 millimeters in the mountains. Temperatures are lower in the mountains than in the plains. In the capital Lushoto, which lies on the western edge of the Usambara Mountains at 1,378 meters above sea level, the average temperature is 17.3 degrees Celsius. The warmest months are from October to February and the coolest is from June to August.

history

Iron smelting remains of 2000 years old have been found in the Lushoto area. About 1000 years ago, bananas came from Asia and changed the lives of farmers because the bananas produced a more reliable harvest than corn and millet. In the middle of the 18th century Mbega built up a kingdom which, under his successors, reached from the Pare Mountains to the coast near Tanga in its heyday from 1800 to 1860 . In 1898 a fire destroyed the capital during Vuga and epidemics ended the strength of the empire. In the German colonial era, Lushoto was called Wilhelmstal and was not only a local administrative center, but also a popular vacation spot because of its climate.

Location of the Lushoto district in the Tanga region.

Administrative division

The district of Lushoto is divided into 44 parishes (wards):

  • Lushoto
  • Cook
  • Kwai
  • Ubiri
  • Soni
  • Vuga
  • Mponde
  • mamba
  • Mbuzii
  • Tamota
  • Bumbules
  • Funta
  • Mayo
  • Baga
  • Mlingano
  • Mgwashi
  • Mtae
  • Sunga
  • Rangwi
  • Mnazi
  • Lunguza
  • Mbaramo
  • Mng'aro
  • Mlalo
  • Mwangoi
  • Shume
  • Malindi
  • Hemtoye
  • Malibwi
  • Mlola
  • Makanya
  • Ngwelo
  • Kiloles
  • Kwekanga
  • Lukozi
  • Manolo
  • Dule "M"
  • Kwenshasha
  • Nkongoi
  • Dule "B"
  • Maheza Ngulu
  • Usambara
  • Ngulwi
  • Kwemashai

population

The population of Lushoto rose from 357,492 in 1988 to 418,652 in 2002 and further to 492,441 in 2012. This corresponds to an annual rate of increase of 1.2 to 1.6 percent. The district has a rural structure, less than ten percent of households are in urban areas. More than two thirds of those over five speak Swahili, around eight percent Swahili and English, and almost a quarter are illiterate (as of 2012).

Facilities and services

  • Education: 81,000 students are taught by 1,800 teachers in 249 primary schools. There is a shortage of 253 teachers (as of 2016). Of the 60 secondary schools, 53 are state-run. The Sebastian Kolowa Memorial University is located in the district and is run by the Evangelical Church .
  • Health: The district has a hospital, five health centers and 45 pharmacies. Around 85 percent of the population have access to a health facility within five kilometers.
  • Water: Almost two thirds of the population have access to clean and safe water.
Children sell onions and tomatoes by the roadside.

Economy and Infrastructure

  • Agriculture: Lushoto is an agricultural country, 85 percent of the population live from agriculture. It is mainly small farmers who also grow fruit and vegetables that are sold as far as Daresalaam, Morogoro, Arusha and the coastal regions. Depending on the geographical location, domestic animals are also kept, especially sheep, cattle, poultry, pigs, donkeys and goats. In the 2016/2015 season, 800,000 liters of milk and 600,000 kilograms of meat were produced.
  • Forestry: Twelve percent of the country is forested. The Usambara Mountains are being reforested in order to counteract deforestation and to preserve the biodiversity of the area and as a water catchment area.
  • Roads: There are no highways in the district. Of the 380 kilometers of federal roads, the 17.6 kilometers around the city of Lushoto are asphalted, the rest are gravel and dirt roads. 4.1 kilometers of the approximately 1,000 kilometers of district roads in Lushoto are asphalted.
  • Communication: In addition to landline telephones, the district also has mobile communications from the providers AIRTEL, TIGO, HALOTEL, ZANTEL and VODACOM. In 2012, less than one percent of households had a landline connection.
Rhinoceros in Mkomazi National Park

Attractions

  • Mkomazi National Park : The district is part of the 3,245 square kilometer Mkomazi National Park. The landscape is a typical East African dry savannah with giraffes, antelopes, wildebeests, zebras, rhinos, buffalo and many predators such as lions, leopards, hyenas and cheetahs. Because of the drought, the animal population is not as dense as in other parks.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Tanzania Regional Profiles, 05 Tanga Regional Profile. (PDF) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 16 , accessed on April 3, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Maps for the world, Map 500k - xb37-1. Retrieved April 3, 2020 (Russian).
  3. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Chapter 1. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Lushoto climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Lushoto weather averages - Climate-Data.org. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  5. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.2. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  6. ^ Tanga, Tanzania's Secret. (PDF) January 2011, pp. 64–66 , accessed on April 3, 2020 .
  7. ↑ 2012 Population and Housing Census. (PDF) National Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Finance, March 2013, p. 45 , accessed on April 3, 2020 .
  8. ^ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 05 Tanga Regional Profiles. (PDF) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, pp. 31, 75 , accessed on April 3, 2020 .
  9. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.8. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  10. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.9. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  11. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.7. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  12. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.1, 2.3. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  13. ↑ History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.6. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  14. ^ Tanzania Trunk Roads Network. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  15. ↑ a b History | Lushoto District Council. Section 2.4. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .
  16. ^ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 05 Tanga Regional Profiles. (PDF) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 127 , accessed April 4, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Tanzania in Figures 2018. (PDF) National Bureau of Statistics, June 2019, p. 8 , accessed on April 3, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Daniela Eiletz-chewing: Mkomazi National Park. In: Safari Insider. Retrieved on April 3, 2020 (German).