Raslings
| Raslings | ||||||||||||
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Tufted rasling ( Lyophyllum decastes ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lyophyllum | ||||||||||||
| P. Karst. |
The Raslinge or Schwarzlinge are a genus of fungi from the Rasling family , of which only the large, fleshy species can be determined without a microscope . Otherwise, the agarics are mostly medium to smaller in size.
The species with large, brown fruiting bodies, tufted rasling ( L. decastes ) and armored rasling ( L. loricatum ) are collected as edible mushrooms . They can be confused with the poisonous giant red blooming ( Entoloma sinuatum ). The white rasling is now listed under the genus Leucocybe . It was considered edible for a long time, but is now suspected of containing teratogenic substances that can cause tumors . The other generic representatives are rare or inedible and therefore not edible mushrooms.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting bodies sometimes grow to several specimens in grass or tufts. The hat is hemispherical to arched, the color spectrum ranges from white to gray to brown or bluish. The surface blackens or reddens. The meat has a firm, elastic to extremely gristly consistency and blackens or reddens. The whitish lamellae are bulged on the stem or run down slightly. In some species they turn blue and / or blackish on pressure. Species with non-blackening lamellae usually fructify in tufts or have yellow lamellae. The spore powder is white. The stem is fibrous and partly blackened or reddened.
Microscopic features
The spores are smooth or blackish to prickly ornamented and inamyloid . The basidia are carminophile, so they can be colored with carmine red . The raslings have no cystidia . There are often buckles at the transitions between the hyphae compartments .
Generic delimitation
A very similar genus are the beautiful heads ( Calocybe ), which often grow gregarious, but not tufted and do not turn black. The wood rasp ( Hypsizygus ) used to be part of the rasp line. They differ from the earth-dwelling raslings in that they grow on wood. The gray leaves or gray leaves ( Tephrocybe ) used to be counted among the raslings, but split off from them a few years ago. They are mostly smaller species with gray lamellas. Some red redlets ( Entoloma ) are habitually very similar; for edible mushroom collectors , a confusion with the poisonous giant red fluff ( Entoloma sinuatum ) would be fatal. The lamellae are pink to reddish in color, at least in older specimens.
Ecology and phenology
Raslings can be found in forests, meadows, swamps and mountain meadows, in summer, especially in autumn, sometimes even into winter, always growing on the ground. The more common species grow with preference on paths and forest edges as well as in parks.
species
The raslings in the narrower sense include around 40 species and varieties in Europe, the separated gray leaves contain around 30 European taxa .
| Raslings ( Lyophyllum ) in Europe |
| Gray leaves ( Tephrocybe ) in Europe |
Thick-leaved rasling
Lyophyllum caerulescens
Rhombus-pored rasling
Lyophyllum deliberatum
Frost
rasling Lyophyllum fumosum
Clay-colored Rasling
Lyophyllum paelochroum
Spindle rasling or blackling
Lyophyllum semitale
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swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Lyophyllum . In: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. January 14, 2011, accessed on August 23, 2012 (including update no.92).
