Girl pine
| Girl pine | ||||||||||||
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Maiden Pine ( Pinus parviflora ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pinus parviflora | ||||||||||||
| Siebold & Zucc. |
The Japanese pine ( Pinus parviflora ), also known as the Japanese five-needle pine ( Pinus pentaphylla ), is a five-needle plant from the genus of pine ( Pinus ), in the pine family (Pinaceae). It was introduced in Europe in 1846.
description
It grows in its home as a 15 to 25 m high tree and has a spreading, dense, conical tree crown. In old trees, the crown flattens out at the top and grows irregularly. Outside of their home, the white pine usually only grows 6 to 8 m high. The smooth bark of the young trees is glossy gray to gray-brown in color. The older bark changes color to a dull gray, shows the longitudinal cracks typical of pines and flakes off like scales. The young twigs are gray-green to yellow-brown and fluffy or hairless. The needles are blue-green to blue-gray, depending on the variety, are 5 to 6 cm in length and are in clusters of five.
The girl's pine is single-sexed (monoecious), so there are male and female cones on one individual. The pollen is formed at the base of young long shoots instead of leafy short shoots in the axils of scale leaves.
The male cones are pink, about 7 mm long and arranged along the young branches that have sprouted in the same spring. They pollinate other trees by wind pollination.
The 2 to 3 cm long, female cones located at the shoot tips of the young twigs are red and whorled before cross-pollination. After pollination, it takes two years to mature and then the seeds are released. The fertilized, egg-shaped cones are 4 to 7 cm long, first green-brown and then brown and have wide, rounded scales. The seeds are 8 to 11 mm long, with a 2 to 10 mm long wing.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The girl's pine is native to Japan - there goyō matsu ( Japanese 五 葉松 , "five-leaved pine") or hime komatsu ( 姫 小松 , "little princess pine") -, especially on the islands of Honshū , Shikoku and Kyushu at altitudes of 1300 to 1800 m. There is the subspecies Pinus parviflora subsp. pentaphylla in northern Honshu and Hokkaido. It grows in the temperate zone, in rainy areas (1000–3000 mm / year), on moist soils and on drier soils, right up to Podzol .
On Hokkaido they are found together with dyer's alder , emperor birch , Gaultheria miqueliana pseudo-berries , heart-leaved hornbeam , dwarf pine ( Pinus pumila ), Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi ), Japanese mountain ash ( Sorbus commixta ), Erman's birch ( Betula ermanii ), miscanthus ( Miscanthus sinensis ), giant knotweed ( Fallopia sachalinensis ), the heather plant Leucothoë grayana , Porst , Mongolian oak ( Quercus mongolica ), Rhododendron brachycarpum , Sachalin willow ( Salix reinii ) pipsissewa , Actinidia arguta , Thorny Olive willow ( Elaeagnus pungens ), Shirasawa's Japanese maple ( Acer shirasawanum ), Japanese grape ( Rubus phoenicolasius ), Japanese poplar ( Populus maximowiczii ) and Siebold's poplar ( Populus Sieboldii ).
Taxonomy and systematics
There are two subspecies :
- Pinus parviflora subsp. parviflora (Syn .: Pinus heterophylla C. Presl , Pinus himekomatsu Miyabe & Kudô ): It occurs in central and southern Japan.
- Pinus parviflora subsp. pentaphylla (Mayr) Businský (Syn .: Pinus pentaphylla Mayr , Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla (Mayr) A. Henry ): It occurs in northern and central Japan, on the southern Kuril Islands and in Korea.
Pinus parviflora was first described as an independent species by Siebold & Zuccarini in 1842 in their work "Flora Japonica" Volume 2, Page 27. Synonyms for Pinus parviflora are Pinus cembra var. Japonica J. Nelson and Strobus parviflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Moldenke .
use
The maiden pine is a popular tree for bonsai and is also popular as a garden tree outside of Japan. Well-known garden varieties are:
- Blue Angel : silver-blue needle color, pyramidal growth, in 15 years growth of around 1.8 m in height and 1 m in width
- Blue Giant : strong shoots, about 2.20 m in height and 1.10 m in width in 10 years
- Gimborn's ideal : blue-green needle color, after 15 years up to 3.8 m height
- Glauca : blue-white needle color, 5 to 10 m maximum height
- Miyajim : dwarf girl's pine, blue-green needle color, growth of approx. 60 cm in 10 years
- Negishi : dwarf girl's jaw; broad, conical growth up to 1 m in 10 years, also for bonsai cultivation, gray-blue to blue needle color
- Sapphire : up to 2 m in height, blue-green needle color
- Tempelhof : up to 3 m height, blue-green needle color
Web links
- Pinus parviflora on Baumkunde.de
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Pinus parviflora inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Farjon, A., 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ludwig Beißner: Handbuch der Nadelholzkunde. Systematics, description, use and culture of the ginkgoaceae, free-range conifers and gnetaceae, for gardeners. Foresters and botanists . Paul Parey, 1909, pp. 357 and 358. Available on archive.org through: University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry.
- ↑ a b Christopher J. Earle: Pinus parviflora . In: Gymnosperm Database . Retrieved February 19, 2010 .
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ Shiro Tsuyuzaki: Flora on Mount Koma ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Pinus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- ↑ yamadori-bonsai.de ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b bio-gaertner.de
- ↑ jeddeloh.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
