Sakhalin knotweed

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Sakhalin knotweed
Sakhalin knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis)

Sakhalin knotweed ( Reynoutria sachalinensis )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Knotweed family (Polygonaceae)
Subfamily : Polygonoideae
Genre : Winged knotweed ( fallopia )
Type : Sakhalin knotweed
Scientific name
Reynoutria sachalinensis
( F.Schmidt ex Maxim. ) Nakai
Foliage leaves

The Sakhalin knotweed ( Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai ; Syn .: Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt ex Maxim.) Ronse Decr. ), Also called Russian knotweed or Sakhalin knotweed , is a species of the genus the knotweed Riche ( Reynoutria ) or formerly fallopia ( Fallopia ) in the family of Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae). It is a problematic invasive plant in the cool-temperate latitudes to subtropical areas , but less expansive and currently still much less common in Central Europe than the "pest plant " Japanese knotweed .

description

Appearance and foliage leaf

The Sakhalin Knotweed grows as a deciduous, upright, perennial, herbaceous plant ( perennial ) that can reach heights of 2 to 4 meters. This geophyte forms strong rhizomes underground as survival organs, from which it drives dense and often extensive stocks. New colonies can develop from fragments of rhizomes and shoots. So there is a slight vegetative reproduction and formation of clones . The sturdy stems are green and hollow. To node ( Nodien the petiole bases are) located laterally often several pits Nektarien .

The alternate arranged and stalked leaves of the main stems are up to 43 cm long and 17 cm wide; the leaves of the side branches are much smaller. The simple, soft leaf blades are oval-elongated and taper to a point, but less pronounced than in the Japanese knotweed . With fully grown leaves, the leaf base is deeply heart-shaped, with young leaves, especially those of hybrids, it is sometimes almost trimmed (an important distinguishing feature from other knotweed). The leaf surfaces, especially the veins on the underside of the leaf, have about 1 mm long, white-gray hairs ( trichomes ).

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The Sakhalin knotweed is dioecious, separate sexes ( diocesan ). The dense inflorescences are short panicle in the female specimens, arching overhanging and in the male upright. The female flowers are greenish-white and the male flowers are white. The fruits appear three-winged, but the three wings are the durable flower cover .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 44.

Occurrence

The Sakhalin Knotweed is native to Japan (central part of Honshu), Korea, the southern part of the Sakhalin island , which belongs to Russia, and on the Kuril Islands . But it is also originally found in Canada and the United States. In Europe, in southern Africa, in Australia and in New Zealand it is a neophyte. In Central Europe , the species is an invasive neophyte that was first brought to Europe in 1863 and has been spreading wild since 1869.

Invasive plant

The Sakhalin knotweed is one of the invasive plants and forms very dense stands in European alluvial forests and tall herbaceous meadows, which prevent the rejuvenation of woody plants and herbaceous native plants. The fight is considered very laborious. Repeated mowing is only successful if the cuttings are removed, as stalks that are lying can take root again. In Switzerland it was added to the black list of invasive neophytes and subject to the release ordinance.

See also the article: Japanese knotweed , a plant of the same genus

use

Reynoutria sachalinensis 'Igniscum'

From the giant knotweed was a biological plant strengtheners won that the resistance in greenhouses drawn ornamental plants against fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold increases. This product is sold under the name "Milsana". An ethanolic extract from the leaves is used. The anthraquinone physcion could be identified as one of the active substances .

The cultivation of Sakhalin Knotweed outside of its natural range is problematic in view of the negative ecological effects of overgrown stocks, as Sakhalin Knotweed has so far often been spread unintentionally with soil, building material, garden waste, etc.

Sakhalin knotweed that was cultivated by breeding became known under the variety name Igniscum . Due to its almost wood-like calorific value, it was also considered an energy plant . The dry matter of the bulky, hollow, high winter stems can be used for incineration. However, the introduction is laborious.

Taxonomy

The first description of this species was in 1859 under the name Polygonum sachalinense by Friedrich Schmidt in Mémoires Presentes a l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et lus dans ses Assemblées , Volume 9, pp. 233-234. The position of this species within the subfamily Polygonoideae has long been controversial. According to Tanja M. Schuster, Karen L. Wilson & Kathleen A. Kron: Phylogenetic relationships of Muehlenbeckia, Fallopia, and Reynoutria (Polygonaceae) investigated with chloroplast and nuclear sequence data , In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 172, No. 8 , 2011, pp. 1053-1066 ( Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai on p. 1063) Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai is the recognized name today . Further synonyms for Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai are Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Ronse Decr. and Tiniaria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Janch.

The Sakhalin Knotweed in the course of the seasons

  • Sakhalin knotweed on May 9, 2016 Rureifel 550 m

  • Sakhalin knotweed on May 18, 2016

  • Sakhalin knotweed on May 25, 2016

  • Sakhalin knotweed on June 7, 2016

  • Sakhalin knotweed on June 18, 2016

  • Sakhalin knotweed on July 3, 2016

  • Sachalin-Staudenknöte-rich, on November 6, 2016, died above ground

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Sakhalin knotweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decr., (Polygonaceae), Sachalin knotweed near NeoFlora - Invasive alien plants in Germany . Archived from the original on July 9, 2010 ; Retrieved September 3, 2014 .
  3. ↑ EJ Jäger: The entire area of ​​Reynoutria japonica Houtt. and R. sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai, their climatic interpretation and data on the history of dispersal. In: Series for Vegetation Science, Sukopp-Festschrift, Volume 27, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1995, pages 395–403
  4. ↑ a b c Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai - entry at GRIN.
  5. ^ Federal Office for the Environment FOEN: Invasive Alien Species . ( admin.ch [accessed on August 6, 2019]).
  6. ↑ S. Buholzer, M. Nobis, N. Schoenenberger, S. Rometsch: List of the alien invasive plants of Switzerland . Ed .: Infoflora. ( infoflora.ch [accessed on August 6, 2019]).
  7. ↑ US Environmental Protection Agency : Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis (Giant Knotweed) (055809) Fact Sheet
  8. ↑ Susanne Müller: Induction of resistance and defense against pathogens by Reynoutria sachalinensis extract and Physcion: Signal chain compared to systemic inducers and relationships to the hypersensitive reaction. Dissertation. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007 ; Retrieved September 3, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Michael Pankratius: Renewable raw materials - The future of the field. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010 ; Retrieved February 23, 2010 .
  10. ↑ Reynoutria sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai - entry in Tropicos .

Web links

Commons : Sakhalin Knotweed ( Reynoutria sachalinensis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files