Heart-leaved hornbeam
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Heart-leaved hornbeam ( Carpinus cordata ) |
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The heart-leaved hornbeam ( Carpinus cordata ) is a medium-sized tree from the subfamily of the hazelnut family (Coryloideae). The natural range of the species is in Japan, Korea, China and in the east of Russia.
description
The heart-leaved hornbeam is a tree up to 18 meters high with a very densely branched crown and scaly, gray to black-gray bark . The twigs are brown or yellow-brown, glabrous or initially sparsely hairy or densely downy and hairy. The terminal buds are 2 inches long and strikingly large. The leaves have a 1.5 to 2 centimeter long, balding or slightly shaggy to densely downy-haired or felty stem. The leaf blade is 8 to 15 centimeters long and 4 to 5 centimeters wide, ovate, ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, long-pointed or tail-pointed, with a crooked heart-shaped base and an irregular, double-bristle serrated edge. 15 to 20 pairs of nerves are formed. The upper side of the leaf is medium green, sparsely shaggy hairy or balding, the underside is lighter in color, sparsely to densely hairy or densely downy and tomentose along the veins. The autumn color of the leaves is yellow.
The female inflorescences are 5 to 12 centimeters long and 4 to 4.5 centimeters wide and have a 3 to 4 centimeter long, sparsely hairy or balding inflorescence axis. The bracts are strongly overlapping, 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters long, 1 to 1.3 centimeters wide, broad, ovate-elongated and bald with the exception of the beards at the base of the underside of the leaf. The outer leaf margin is closely sawn and rolled up, the inner leaf margin is tightly sawn with elongated lobes at the base, which enclose the fruit. Five clearly visible leaf veins are formed, other veins distributed like a network are only weakly developed. The fruits are 4 to 6 millimeters long and 2 millimeters wide, elongated, bare and slightly ribbed nuts . The heart-leaved hornbeam flowers from May to June, the fruits ripen from July to August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Occurrence and location requirements
The natural distribution area lies in Japan on Hokkaidō , Honshū , Kyushu and Shikoku ; on the Korean Peninsula ; in China in the provinces of Anhui , Gansu , Guizhou , Hebei , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Liaoning , in the south of Ningxia , in Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi , Sichuan and Zhejiang and in Russia in the Primorye region . The heart-leaved hornbeam grows in cool, moist forests on mountain slopes at heights of 200 to 2500 meters on permeable, fresh to moist, acidic to neutral, sandy or gravelly humus, moderately nutrient-rich soils in light to partially shaded locations. The species tolerates heat, is mostly frost hardy , but avoids soils with a high lime content.
Systematics
The heart-leaved hornbeam ( Carpinus cordata ) is a species from the genus of hornbeams ( Carpinus ). This is in the family of birch plants of the subfamily (Betulaceae) coryloideae assigned (Coryloideae). The species was first scientifically described in 1851 by Carl Ludwig Blume . The genus name Carpinus comes from Latin and was already used by the Romans for the hornbeam. The specific epithet cordata means "heart-shaped" and describes the shape of the blade of the leaves.
There are three varieties:
- Carpinus cordata var. Chinensis Franchet with densely shaggy hairy twigs, leaf stalks and inflorescence axes and sparsely shaggy hairy leaf veins on the underside of the leaf. The distribution area of the variety lies at altitudes of 700 to 2400 meters in Anhui, in the southeast of Gansu, in Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, in the southwest of Shaanxi, in Sichuan and Zhejiang. The variety is considered by some authors as a separate species Carpinus chinensis (Franchet) Pei .
- Carpinus cordata var. Cordata with bare or initially sparsely shaggy branches, petioles and inflorescence axes. The distribution area is at heights of 200 to 2500 meters in the southeast of Gansu, in Hebei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong and Shanxi and also includes the representatives in Japan, Korea and Russia.
- Carpinus cordata var. Mollis (Rehder) WC Cheng ex Chun in Y. Chen with densely shaggy hairy branches, petioles and inflorescence axes and densely downy-haired and felty leaf undersides. The distribution area is at altitudes of 1700 to 2400 meters in Gansu, in the south of Ningxia and in Shaanxi. The variety has also been described as a separate species, Carpinus mollis Rehder .
use
Heart-leaved hornbeam wood is sometimes used to make agricultural tools or furniture.
proof
literature
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 292 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 159.
- Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 389 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 159 and after Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 389
- ↑ a b c d e f Pei-chun Li, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Carpinus cordata , in the Flora of China , Volume 4, p. 292
- ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 159
- ↑ a b c Carpinus cordata. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed July 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 130
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 176
- ↑ Pei-chun Li, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Carpinus cordata var. Chinensis , in the Flora of China , Volume 4, p. 292
- ^ Pei-chun Li, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Carpinus cordata var. Cordata , in the Flora of China , Volume 4, p. 292
- ↑ Pei-chun Li, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Carpinus cordata var. Mollis , in the Flora of China , Volume 4, p. 292
Web links
- Carpinus cordata. In: The Plant List. Retrieved July 19, 2012 .