Mare
The mare (from ahd. Meriha ) originally referred to a female horse , which is now called a mare .
Related terms also occur in other Germanic languages. A mare is called "Merrie" in Dutch, "mare" in English and "Mähr" or "foal mare" in Low German.
Development of meaning
The mare ( mhd. Mar (ch) ) referred to a noble war horse in the High Middle Ages .
Until the 16th century, mare referred to a mare who already had a foal . This meaning has been preserved in Marstall , Marschall or the common place name Marbach .
Later the semantics changed to Schindmehre , an old, aborted, emaciated, lame horse that soon belongs on the Schindanger . The current importance can be proven from the 17th century and developed because mares can be bred into old age, even if they are lame and no longer suitable for normal work. After her sporting career mares are often used to breed used, such as jumping mares Halla , Nolte kitchen Girl and Ratina Z , the Galopper Kincsem , Nereid and Danedream , the trotting mare Goldsmith Maid , the Cutting mare Poco Lena or dressage mare Blue Hors Matiné . The price a foal achieves depends on its quality and genetics and little on the general condition of its mother.
Stallions can also be bred into old age. However, breeding stallions are not burdened by pregnancy and lactation and also build up muscles more easily than mares. A lame, emaciated stallion receives little support from mare owners and therefore quickly becomes uneconomical. An old, lame gelding that can no longer be used for work is also an economic burden. Since horse keeping is very complex, uneconomical horses were mostly dismissed in the time before the introduction of the automobile and were rarely given a loaf of grace . An old, lame horse in poor general condition was therefore almost always an old mare at these times.
In the Upper Saxon dialect expression, the term Moravia for dawdling or Mährliese, Mährfritze or Mährsack for a slow-working person is known and used.
supporting documents
The meaning "mare with foal" can be proven in 1794 at Göthe:
“Don't you ask me, isn't the mare selling us the foal? And how expensive? So I went to her and dared the little bit. Dear Frau Mehre , I say to her: the foal is yours, as I know; do you sell it? I want to know. She replied: If you pay it well, I can miss it, And the sum for which I am buying it, you will read it, it is written on the back at my foot. "
In 1810 Kleist used the term mare in connection with a poor general condition, especially poor care and feeding condition:
“But how great was his astonishment when, instead of his two smooth and well-fed black horses, he saw a pair of lean, worn-out Moravia ; Bones on which things could have been hung like bars; Manes and hair, kneaded together without maintenance or care: the true picture of misery in the animal kingdom! Kohlhaas, whom the horses neighed at with a weak movement, was extremely indignant and asked what had happened to his gauls? "
Since the meaning of horses for agriculture and transport has declined , the use of the word has become less common.
In the Brockhaus from 1903 a mare is called an "old aborted horse".
In 1905 the term Mehre von Morgenstern is used in connection with fatigue :
"No! It is the
thick end of the gallows rope, which groaned,
as if a weary mare was panting
at a gallop for the next well, which might still be far away. "
The song "Death is a dandy" from the album Halber Mensch from the Einstürzende Neubauten (2005) begins as follows: Lungs deep into emptiness
No mess , no mare
In the computer role-playing game The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim from 2011, an inn called The Flagged Mare appears.
swell
- Entry in the German dictionary by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. 16 vols. In 32 partial volumes. Leipzig 1854–1961. List of sources Leipzig 1971. Online version of May 13, 2016. online from the competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at Trier University
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Stute , website Ostfriesische Landschaft
- ↑ http://woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB/?sigle=DWB&mode=Vernetzung&lemid=GM00433#XGM00433 online from the competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at the University of Trier
- ↑ http://woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB/?sigle=DWB&mode=Vernetzung&lemid=GM00433#XGM00433 online from the competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at the University of Trier
- ↑ Realistic prices for top foals, August 8, 2017, pferdewoche.ch
- ↑ An excerpt from the stallion book , horse-gate.com, August 16, 2019
- ^ Reineke Fuchs, 9th song , Johann Wolfgang von Göthe
- ↑ Michael Kohlhaas , Heinrich von Kleist
- ↑ Brockhaus Konversationslexikon, 1903, edition 14, new revised anniversary edition, volume 11, page 477
- ↑ Galgenlieder , Christian Morgenstern