Mönchbruch (landscape)
The Mönchbruch with 937 ha expansion is the second largest nature reserve of the German state of Hesse . It is crossed by the B 486 and includes parts of the area of the cities of Rüsselsheim am Main and Mörfelden-Walldorf as well as the municipality of Nauheim .
expansion
The current scope of the protected area has been through a Regulation of the Regional Council of Darmstadt established in 1995th The nature reserve (NSG) forms around a quarter of the Mönchbruch and forests near Walldorf and Groß-Gerau , which is considerably larger with 4086 hectares , and which was designated as a landscape protection area in its entirety on April 19, 2006 and registered for the European Natura 2000 network . This protected area in turn merges to the east into the largely closed forest areas of the Dreieich Wildbannes and the Frankfurt City Forest and is thus part of the largest closed forest area in the Rhine-Main area .
history
First efforts to put old swamps and swamp forests under protection go back to around 1930. In 1954, an area of 44 hectares ( Schlangenloch and Dachnau ) was designated as a NSG for the first time . When the Breite Bruch was added in 1974 , the protected area doubled. After the previously separate sub-areas were connected by adding the largely untouched Mönchbruchwiesen in 1981 , the protected area suddenly expanded to 485 hectares. Finally, the Walldorfer Bruchwiesen , the Faulbruch , the Mörfelder Unterwald , the Birkenseewiese and the Schlichter were added. This resulted in conflicts between the interests of nature conservation and local recreation.
In 2004, Fraport AG signed a contract with the State of Hesse, represented by HessenForst , for the implementation of compensation measures under nature conservation law in the Mönchbruch NSG for 18 million euros. For the construction of the A380 yard , 18 hectares of compensation measures in Mönchbruch were set in accordance with the plan amendment resolution of December 1, 2006. For the capacity expansion of Frankfurt Airport , Fraport AG has given up its compensation measures in Mönchbruch, as those parts of the planned measures that were already included in the maintenance plan draft of the Darmstadt Regional Council were not approved in the court proceedings against the A380 shipyard.
At the beginning of 2001, a covered viewing platform was built north of the hunting lodge on the edge of the Mönchbruchwiesen at a height of 4.10 meters, which is very suitable for animal observation.
On a hunting lodge Mönchbruch is a temporary information center.
meaning
The Mönchbruch is characterized on the one hand by its proximity to the Rhine-Main agglomeration, especially to Frankfurt Airport, on the other hand by the complete lack of settlement (apart from the hunting lodge and the Mönchbruchmühle ). The soil, consisting of sand, clay and gravel, is a reminder that the Main once flowed here. The water table is high, ditches, swamps and swamp forests characterize parts of the NSG; it is one of the last large wetlands in Hessen.
Of the approximately 540 plant species recorded in the NSG, 60 are threatened with extinction. The Mönchbruchwiesen, which are cultivated extensively and without fertilization, form a retreat for rare bird species such as red-backed kite , black kite , kingfisher and middle woodpecker . At least seven bat species (including water bat and Bechstein's bat ) are regularly observed. Large numbers of stag beetle larvae live on dead oak .
Many amphibians and reptile species also find an ideal habitat in the deadwood and atlwood in the nature reserve. Among others, here grass snake , moor frog and tree frog found.
The wide, regularly flooded river valley meadows north of the hunting lodge form a valuable living space . Numerous rare plants and ground-breeding birds settle here.
The Mönchbruch is also well developed for local recreation, although it is not allowed to leave the marked paths in the core area. There are information boards in many places. The well-paved paths in flat terrain are popular with cyclists. There are shelters and benches for breaks, but there are hardly any places to stop for a break.
The recreational value is put into perspective by the considerable noise pollution from the directly neighboring Frankfurt Airport, in particular from the West Runway to the north of the area , which ends only a few hundred meters before the border of the protected area. Depending on the wind and the use of the runway, the Mönchbruch is sometimes overflown every minute by aircraft taking off at a low altitude.
literature
- Reinhard Ebert: Mönchbruch, development of a nature reserve . Verlag Bender & Welzenbach, 1997, ISBN 3980301753
- Ordinance on the "Mönchbruch von Mörfelden and Rüsselsheim" nature reserve of July 24, 1981 . In: Higher nature conservation authority (ed.): State gazette for the state of Hesse. 1981 No. 39 , p. 1873 , point 1105 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.2 MB ]).
Web links
- www.foerderverein-moenchbruch.de - Friends of Mönchbruch
- Mönchbruch Nature Reserve - Information in the Internet magazine for the Groß-Gerau district
- Documentation about the Mönchbruch
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information according to privately conducted measurements and explorations
- ↑ Mönchbruch Nature Reserve - Diversity at the Airport ?✈️. Accessed December 4, 2019 (German).
Coordinates: 49 ° 58 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 30 ′ 40 ″ E