Martha Maria Monastery
The Martha-and-Maria-Kloster ( Russian Марфо-Мариинская обитель / Marfo-Mariinskaja Obitel , Wiss. Transliteration Marfo-Mariinskaja Obitel ' or Марфо-Мариинская обитель милосердия / Marfo-Mariinskaja Obitel milosserdija , Wiss. Transliteration Marfo-Mariinskaja Obitel' miloserdija , MMOM ; "Martha Maria Monastery of Mercy") is a Russian Orthodox convent in Moscow . The monastery, named after the New Testament figures Martha and Maria , was founded in 1908 by St. Elizabeth (Jelisaweta Fjodorovna; 1864–1918), who was murdered in 1918 by the Bolsheviks . Built in the years from 1908 to 1912 the monastery is distinguished by its Art Nouveau - architecture and ornate thick white walls. The most striking building is the Church of the Protection and Intercession of Mary ( Russian Церковь Покрова / Zerkow Pokrowa , scientific transliteration Cerkov 'Pokrova ). The building complex of the monastery gives the impression of being from the Middle Ages . The architect Alexei Shchusev researched the historical sacred architecture in depth and combined the characteristic styles of old Novgorod and old Pskov with those of a Kremlin church and modern style. The local monastery complexes Antonijew Antonyev (1117) and Miroschski Mirozhsky (1156) are among the oldest in Russia (from the time before the Mongol invasion ).
The address of the Moscow Monastery is: Marfo-Marijnskaya Obitel ', 34 Bolshaya Ordynka Street in Jakimanka in the Central Administrative District of Moscow.
Monastery complex
After the murder of her husband, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (1857-1905), Grand Duchess Elisabeth (Jelisaweta Fjodorovna), a sister of Tsarina Alexandra Fjodorovna , decided to sell her valuables and use the proceeds to found a monastery. She bought a small piece of land in the south of Moscow and built a church building, a hospital, a girls' orphanage and rooms for the almost 100 sisters on it. The building was designed by the architect Alexei Shtusev , who later also submitted the design for the Lenin mausoleum . The interior was designed by the famous Russian painters Pawel Korin and Michail Nesterow , who also designed the pearl gray and white exterior of the monastery. There is a lawned garden around the monastery building.
Charity work
Elisabeth dedicated the monastery in which she became a hegumene to the poor of Moscow. About her entry into monastic life she said on February 10, 1909: “I am leaving the dazzling world in which I have held a high position, and now I am going down with you into a much larger world - the world of the poor and Sufferers «.
The sisters came from all walks of life and lived according to the ideals of the biblical Martha and Mary: The sisters should use their lives to help others. You have done a lot of community service. For example, they taught the orphaned girls brought from the poor neighborhoods of Moscow. Many of these girls later went to work in hospitals or even joined a monastery. The monastery was known in the rest of the country for its charitable work, unique in Russia.
After the Russian Revolution
During the October Revolution (1917) Elizabeth was arrested by the Bolsheviks and killed by them. Martha and Maria Convent closed in the 1920s, but the nuns continued their charity work. This had to be done in secret so as not to be exiled to Central Asia. The church building has been preserved because it was used by the Soviets as a meeting point. A picture of Lenin was placed on the altar. The monastery was restored and reopened at the end of the 20th century. A statue of Elisabeth was placed in the garden. It was canonized by the Moscow Patriarchate in 1992 after the Russian Orthodox Church abroad canonized it in 1981.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the buildings of the Martha Maria Monastery were returned to the Orthodox Church and, from 1994 onwards, a convent of sisters was resettled.
The life of the sisters of the monastery is still shaped by charity work. In addition to their daily prayers, they spend their time in the hospital, school, orphanage, kitchen, etc. to help others. The Martha and Maria Monastery has become a place of pilgrimage for many believers .
restoration
The architectural ensemble of the Martha-Mary Convent was built using the established 1992 Foundation St. Andrew's flag ( Russian Фонд Андрея Первозванного / Fond Andreja Perwoswannogo , scientific. Transliteration Fond Andreja Pervozvannogo ; Engl. St Andrew's Flag Foundation ) completely restored.
monument
The building ensemble of the monastery is on the Russian monument list .
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Skit in Buchendorf near Munich
In 2005, the only Orthodox women's monastery in Germany called Skit of the Holy Grand Duchess Elisabeth was opened on the site of the former Catholic monastery in Buchendorf near Munich (see also Russian Orthodox Diocese of the Orthodox Bishop of Berlin and Germany ).
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See also
References and footnotes
- ↑ In Luke's Gospel (Luke 10: 38-42) there is a story about the two sisters Martha and Mary from Bethany , who were both followers of Jesus .
- ↑ With full name: Church of the Protection and Intercession of Mary at the Martha and Mary Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy / Храм Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы в Марфо-Марьинской.
- ↑ structurae.de: Intercession Cathedral of the Marfo-Mariinsky-Konvent
- ^ "The architect [...] combined the characteristic styles of ancient Pskov and Novgorod with a Kremlin church and Style-Moderne." ( Convent's garden. Marfo Mariinskaja Obitel )
- ↑ Quoted from: Heritage and Order: Benediktinische Monatsschrift , Volume 81, Erzabtei Beuron., 2005, p. 258 . - See moscovery.com : “On 10 February, 1909, the Grand Duchess assembled all the lay sisters at the convent, took off her mourning clothes and put on a monastic habit, saying:“ I'm leaving the glorious world, in which I held a glorious position, but now I'm entering a greater world, that of the poor and the distressed. ””.
- ↑ emma.de: Murdered 100 years ago: Fjodorovna
- ↑ The most important projects of the Foundation of St. Andrew's flag include not only the annual Delivering the Holy Fire from Jerusalem (with live broadcast on NTV -Fernsehsender) and awarding the international prize faith and loyalty ( Russian Вера и Верность / Vera i Wernost , scientific transliteration Vera i Vernost ' ) in the State Kremlin Palace , next the complete, comprehensive restoration of the architectural ensemble of this monastery in the center of Moscow. ( patriarchia.ru )
- ↑ cf. Ансамбль Марфо-Мариинской обители
- ↑ cf. Gunna Wendt : From the Tsar's Palace to Coco Chanel. The Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna Romanowa . Insel-Verlag, Berlin 2013 (Insel-Taschenbuch 4197), ISBN 978-3-458-35897-8 ( partial online view ); merkur.de: The only Russian Orthodox women's monastery ; pokrov.de: The sisterhood of St. Elisabeth Skit in Buchendorf near Munich-Gauting (in the middle the abbess nun Maria)
literature
- Elizabeth, "The Martha and Mary Convent and Rule of St. Elizabeth the New Martyr," Jordanville, New York: Holy Trinity Monastery, 2005.
- Kozlov, Vladimir, "Marfo-Mariinskaia Obshchina Sest'or Miloserdia v 1920-e Gody (po arkhivnym materialam)," Nekropol , August 2001.
- "Marfo-Mariinskaia Obitel 'Miloserdie." Moscow: Synodal Printing House, 1914.
- Materialy k Zhitiu Prepodobnomuchenitsy Velikoi Kniagini Yelizavety: pis'ma, dnevniki, vospominania, documenty. Moscow: Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Institute, 1995.
- Millar, Lubov Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia, New Martyr of the Communist Yoke. New York: NOPS, 1991. (Sixth Ed. 2006)
- Ludwig Steindorff, Oliver Auge (ed.): Monastic culture as a transdenominational phenomenon . 2016
Web links
- Official Website (MMOM)
- tdh-online.de
- bse.sci-lib.com
- moscovery.com: The Martha and Mary Convent
- emma.de: Murdered 100 years ago: Fyodorovna
- Grand Duchess Elisaveta Feodorovna and the Martha Maria Sisterhood (Ecclesiastical External Office of the Moscow Patriarchate)
- Elisabeth Feodorovna
| Martha-Maria-Kloster (alternative names of the lemma) |
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| Martha and Maria Monastery; Martha and Marien Convent; Martha-Marien-Kloster ;; Martha Maria Monastery; Марфо-Мариинская обитель; Marfo-Mariinskaya obitel; Marfo-Mariinskaya obitel '; Марфо-Мариинская обитель милосердия; Marfo-Mariinskaja obitel miloserdija: Marfo-Mariinskaja obitel 'miloserdija; MMOM; Martha Maria Convent of Mercy; Marfo-Mariinsky Convent; Marta Maria Monastery |
Coordinates: 55 ° 44 ′ 15 ″ N , 37 ° 37 ′ 24 ″ E