Mucin-1
| Mucin-1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 1232 = 1074 + 158 amino acids | |
| Secondary to quaternary structure | α + β | |
| Isoforms | 10 | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | MUC1 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Enzyme classification | ||
| MEROPS | S71.001 | |
| Response type | Autolysis | |
| Substrate | Mucin-1 | |
| Products | Mucin-1-α, mucin-1-β | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Skull animals , plasmodia | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | House mouse | |
| Entrez | 4582 | 17829 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000185499 | ENSMUSG00000042784 |
| UniProt | P15941 | Q02496 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001018016 | NM_013605 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_001018016 | NP_038633 |
| Gene locus | Chr 1: 155.19 - 155.19 Mb | Chr 3: 89.23 - 89.23 Mb |
| PubMed search | 4582 |
17829
|
Mucin-1 (MUC-1) (formerly: CD227 , PEM) (corresponds to Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Cancer Antigen 27.29 ) is a 300-400 kDa transmembrane ( embedded in cell membranes ) mucin in vertebrates that is present in all organs of the People.
For example, mucin-1 is found in the cornea . There it is firmly built into the cell membrane of the epithelial cells of the cornea. Due to its size and negative charges, it prevents the adhesion of other cells and microorganisms to the epithelial cells . It towers over the microvilli many times over and thus prevents bacteria from reaching the outer epithelial cell walls.
Mucin-1 is overexpressed on epithelial tumors , numerous adenocarcinomas , lymphomas and multiple myeloma , which has made it an established tumor marker ( CA 15-3 ) since 1990 . Cancer cells lose their polarity and MUC-1 is also formed on the basolateral side of the cell. The resulting reduced cell adhesion can be regarded as one of the factors at the beginning of the chain reaction of metastasis of tumor cells. In cancer therapy , this tumor marker is the starting point for some new therapeutic agents . For example, the monoclonal antibody cantuzumab .
Under the name Cancer Antigen 15-3 ( CA 15-3 ), MUC-1 is used as a tumor marker for monitoring the progress of breast cancer . Similar mucin tumor markers are CA 19-9 , KL-6 , and CA-125 .
Serum CA 15-3 levels above 30 U / ml indicate an active tumor disease. The sensitivity (proportion of patients in whom the marker is positive) is 60–80% for breast cancer (up to 90% for metastatic diseases), 40–70% for ovarian cancer , and worse for other tumors.
The marker is used in the routine for follow-up care / progress control of breast cancer patients who have been treated with the aim of a cure. In incurable, palliative- treated cases, the course of tumor markers usually does not provide any therapeutic benefit. CA 15-3 can also be positive for other tumors, but the sensitivity is too low for clinical use. In principle, tumor markers are unsuitable for screening healthy people for cancer because of the high rate of false-negative findings.
It is currently being investigated whether the membrane glycopeptide is also suitable as a target for cancer immunotherapy because of its overexpression on cancer cells , for example by coupling cytostatics to an antibody against CA 15-3.
literature
- R. Lamerz: Tumormarker: Significance for diagnosis and therapy. 1995. In: WJ Zeller, H. zur Hausen (Ed.): Onkologie. Ecomed as of 27th update, December 2009, ISBN 978-3-609-76300-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ European Institute of Bioinformatics (EBI): InterPro IPR023217 Mucin-1. Retrieved August 14, 2011 .
- ↑ a b F. G. Hanisch, S. Müller: MUC1: the polymorphic appearance of a human mucin . In: Glycobiology . 2000, p. 439-449 , doi : 10.1093 / glycob / 10.5.439 , PMID 10764832 .
- ↑ MJ Duffy, S. Shering, F. Sherry, E. McDermott, N. O'Higgins: CA 15-3: a prognostic marker in breast cancer . In: Int. J. Biol. Markers . tape 15 , no. 4 , 2000, pp. 330-333 , PMID 11192829 .
- ↑ A. Gadducci, p Cosio, A. Carpi, A. Nicolini, AR Genazzani: serum tumor markers in the management of ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer . In: Biomed Pharmacother . tape 58 , no. 1 , January 2004, p. 24-38 , PMID 14739059 .
- ^ S. Gara, H. Boussen, A. Ghanem, F. Guemira: Use of common seric tumor markers in patients with solid cancers . In: Tunis Med . tape 86 , no. 6 , June 2008, p. 579-583 , PMID 19216452 .
- ^ R. Singh, D. Bandyopadhyay: MUC1: a target molecule for cancer therapy . In: Cancer Biol. Ther. tape 6 , no. 4 , April 2007, pp. 481-486 , PMID 18027437 .