Machsor tripartite
The Machsor Tripartitum is a Jewish prayer book from the beginning of the 14th century. It was probably made in Constance and contains selected prayers and passages from the Tanakh that are to be read on special Sabbath days and high holidays.
The prayer book was probably created in two volumes in Constance between 1300 and 1330. Today it is preserved in three manuscripts in the library and information center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, the British Library in London and the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The relatively small codices were intended for personal use and appropriate to the high financial status of the Jewish clients who could afford this work. The writer even you know little more than his name Chaim .
meaning
The Machsor Tripartitum is one of the illuminated Hebrew manuscripts that were created in the Lake Constance area before 1348 in municipal workshops in Constance itself and its surroundings. Its emergence is closely linked to the heyday of court literature in this region. They shed light on the cultural climate of the region and embody a previously unknown integration of secular culture with courtly and secular motifs in the ritual and religious sphere. At the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, the municipal workshops almost replaced the monastic writing rooms , whose manuscripts, following a long tradition, were characterized by greater formality.
It is believed that when the illuminated Hebrew manuscripts were created, Jewish scribes worked together with Christian illuminators , whose illustration would hardly have been possible without Jewish advisers or employees. The scribe Chajim had the task of planning the text and image relationship on the parchment pages and during the writing process to leave space for the initial words and illuminations to be designed later . Only then did the illuminators get to work. An encounter between the Jewish scribe and Christian illuminators is therefore very likely.
content
Significant illustrations include the illustration of the Book of Ruth and the Song of Songs depicting King Solomon , which Jewish tradition points to the relationship between God and the people of Israel.
This includes the polemical illustration of the liturgical text for the Sabbath before Passover Come with me from Lebanon, my bride ( Hoheslied 4,8 EU ) The lover's struggle for the bride is shown: Friedrich the beautiful from the House of Habsburg is shown fighting with Duke Ludwig of Bavaria, who later became Emperor Ludwig IV. During the struggle for the throne (1314–1322), the Jews of Überlingen played an important role as financiers of Frederick the Beautiful. The illustration bears witness to a political event and, as a political statement, finds its way into the sacred area of a liturgical Hebrew manuscript for use in a synagogue.
literature
- Sarit Shalev-Eyni: המחזור המשולש[The Tripartite Mahzor]. 2 volumes. [H. mo.l.], [Jerusalem] [2001], OCLC 165962615 , ( Ivrit , abstract in English; also Ph. D. , Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim / The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 2001).
- Sarit Shalev-Eyni: Art as History. On the illumination of Hebrew manuscripts from the Lake Constance area (= Arye Maimon lecture at the University of Trier. 13; Arye Maimon Institute for the History of the Jews: Studies and Texts. Volume 3). Kliomedia, Trier 2011, ISBN 978-3-89890-169-7 , p. 17 f.
- Sarit Shalev-Eyni: Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts from Lake Constance before 1348. In: Dorothea Weltecke (Hrsg.): Zu Gast bei Juden. Life in the medieval city. Accompanying volume for the exhibition. Verlag Stadler, Konstanz 2017, ISBN 978-3-7977-0734-5 , p. 32 ff.
- Harald Wolter-von dem Knesebeck : Works of art from the environment of Friedrich the beautiful. In: Matthias Becher, Harald Wolter-von dem Knesebeck (Hrsg.): The king's rise of Frederick the Beautiful in 1314. Coronation, war and compromise. Böhlau, Köln / Weimar 2017, ISBN 978-3-412-50546-2 , pp. 303–343, here: pp. 335 f. ( Preview in Google Book Search).
Web links
- Digitized from the Oxford manuscript , Bodleian Library, MS. Michael 619 .
- Jewish book art on Lake Constance - guest contribution by Ralph Roeber. In: konstanzer-konzil.de, accessed on September 30, 2017.
- Katrin Kogman-Appel on Jewish book art.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sarit Shalev-Eyni. In: arthistory.huji.ac.il, accessed on March 3, 2020.
- ↑ See also Sarit Shalev-Eyni: List of publications. (PDF; 165 kB) p. 1 (English; February 2016; search for "Mahzor").