Maedi Visna virus
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| Visna-maedi virus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Maedi-Visna-Virus (MVV), also Visna-Maedi-Virus (VMV) or Visna-Lentivirus (VLV) is an RNA virus and belongs to the family of the retroviruses (Retroviridae), genus Lentiviruses . “Maedi” and “Visna” are derived from Icelandic names ( Icelandic : mæði , “ shortness of breath ” or “ exhaustion ” and visna , “wilt”). The name refers to the two main forms of the Maedi-Visna disease caused by the virus .
MVV is related to both goat CAE virus ( caprine arthritis encephalitis virus ) and human HIV virus . MVV has been observed in Europe, North America, New Zealand, and some African and South American countries. It is unknown in Oceania .
MVV causes at sheep chronic diseases, both the lung ( maedi ) and of the central nervous system ( visna ). Furthermore, in rare cases, chronic mastitis (inflammation of the udder) and arthritis (inflammation of the joints) have also become known in these animals . In either case, the virus causing the disease is the same.
The infection occurs with intensive contact from sheep to sheep or via milk (lactogenic) from the mother to the lamb. The exchange of blood or other body secretions is probably necessary, but it is also known that transmission by droplet infection (airborne) is possible. Transmission through inoculation needles is also discussed. Texel sheep and East Frisian dairy sheep are said to be particularly sensitive to MVV infections.
The maximum incubation period is about 5–6 years (other source: 2–3 years). It is therefore a so-called slow virus infection (English for "slow virus infection"). However, infected lambs can show their first symptoms as early as a month after birth.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Commelina yellow mottle virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ Taxonomy browser of NCBI
