Maghshan Shumabai

Maghshan Shumabai

Maghschan Bekenuly Schumabai ( Kazakh Мағжан Бекенұлы Жұмабай , Russian Магжан Бекенович Жумабаев Magschan Bekenowitsch Schumabajew * 25. June 1893 in the district of Petropavlovsk oblast Akmola, Russian Empire ; † 19th March 1938 in Alma-Ata , Kazakh SSR ) was a Kazakh poet and Writer .

Life

Maghshan Shumabai was born on June 25, 1893 in a village in the Petropavlovsk District in Akmola Oblast in the Russian Empire. From 1905 he visited a madrasa in Petropavlovsk , where he studied Arabic, Persian, Turkish and the history of the Turkic peoples. In 1910 he finished his training at the school. He then went to Ufa , where he studied at the renowned Galija Madrasa.

In 1912 he published his first collection of poems entitled Sholpan . The following year he returned to Petropavlovsk and began learning Russian. In the same year Shumabai moved to Omsk , where he attended the teachers' college . During this time he worked with the newspaper Qazaq , which was published by Akhmet Baitursynuly , Älichan Bökeichan and Mirschaqyp Dulatuly . Together with Nyghmet Nurmaqow and Saken Seifullin, he actively participated in the founding of the educational and cultural organization Birlik. In this phase of his work, the motifs of the national liberation struggle echo more and more in his poems.

After successfully completing the teachers' seminar, he returned to his homeland and was involved in founding the Alasch party . After the February Revolution of 1917 , Shumabai was elected to the regional committee of the Alash Party. Although he was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly at the party's congresses, he was not politically active. Rather, he was active in the fields of education and journalism from this time . In 1918 he founded courses for Kazakh teachers in Omsk and published his work Pedagogika in 1922 . He was the editor of the Bostandyq tuy newspaper for some time. In 1922 he was invited by Turar Rysqulow to work at the Kazakh-Kyrgyz Institute for Education in Tashkent . At this time he also published his famous poem Batyr Bajandy , which is about Turkestan . His second volume of poetry was also published in Tashkent. There were also initial accusations of nationalism and Pan-Turkism against him.

At the invitation of Anatoly Lunacharsky , People's Commissar for Education of the RSFSR , Shumabai came to Moscow in 1923 . Here he taught oriental languages ​​at the Communist University of the Working People of the East . He compiled textbooks for Kazakh secondary schools and translated works by Russian poets into Kazakh. In addition, he studied from 1923 to 1926 at the Moscow Literature and Art Institute. In 1927 he returned to Petropavlovsk where he worked as a teacher at a school.

In 1929 he was arrested on charges of nationalism and imprisoned in Moscow's Butyrka prison . He was sentenced to ten years in prison and spent the following time in the Solovki Detention Center on the Solovetsky Islands . In 1934 he wrote a letter to the well-known writer Maxim Gorky , who then campaigned for his release. In 1936 Schumabai was released early but arrested again a few months later on December 30, 1937. On March 19, 1938, he was shot dead by employees of the NKVD in Alma-Ata.

literature

• Didar Kassymova, Zhanat Kundakbayeva, Ustina Markus: Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan (=  Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East ). Scarecrow Press, Lanham 2012, ISBN 0-8108-6782-6 (English).

Web links

Commons : Maghschan Schumabai  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Магжан Жумабаев , accessed March 5, 2019 (Russian).
2. ↑ Магжан Бекенович Жумабаев - Биография , accessed March 5, 2019 (Russian).
3. ↑ Жумабаев Магжан (1893-1938 гг.) , Accessed on March 5, 2019 (Russian).