Makari Ivanov

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Makari Ivanov ( Russian Макарий Иванов , real name Михаил Николаевич Иванов / Mikhail Nikolayevich Ivanov * November 20 jul. / 1. December  1788 greg. In Schelesniki, † September 7 jul. / 19th September  1860 greg. In Optina Pustyn ) was starez in Optina Pustyn from 1834 to 1860 .

Life until 1830

Makari Ivanov

Mikhail came from a noble family. He was born in Schelesniki near Kaluga . His father was college assessor Nikolaj Michajlowitsch Ivanov, his mother Jelisaveta Aleksejewna Jemeljanowa. Mikhail was the oldest of five children. The family moved to Moscow because of his mother's health problems when Mikhail was five years old. After the mother's death (1797) the family moved to Karachev . Here Mikhail attended elementary school. In 1801 the family moved to Shchepiatino ( Dmitrovsk district ). Mikhail learned handwriting , grammar and arithmetic from a private teacher . In 1802 he became an accountant in the district treasury in Lgow . Because of his accuracy and diligence, he became head of the treasury in Kursk and a first class official. After the death of his father (1806), Mikhail ran the farm in the village of Shchepyatino. On October 6, 1810, he made a pilgrimage to the Ploshchansk monastery (52 kilometers north of Sevsk ). On December 24, 1810 he received the rjasa (the simple monk's robe) and was now called Melchizedek. He acted as a correspondent. On March 7th, 1815 he was ordained a monk under the name Makari. Its namesake was the saint Makarios of the Egyptians . On March 12, 1815, he was ordained a monk deacon. In April 1817 he became a cell servant at Afanassi Sakharov. Makari copied translations that Afanassi had brought with him, especially sacred writings by Barsanuphios of Gasa, John Klimakos and Isaac of Nineveh . In this way he came into contact with the renewal that had proceeded from the holy mountain Athos , at the center of which is the performance of the everlasting prayer of Jesus . Makari was ordained a priest monk on May 27, 1817 . On January 30, 1827 he became confessor of the Trinity Women's Monastery in Sevsk.

Starez in Optina Pustyn

On October 23, 1831 Makarij asked to come to Optina Pustyn. This monastery is located three kilometers northeast of Koselsk . Makarij arrived there on February 5, 1834. Here he was initially a student of Leonid von Optina . In October 1836 he became the starez of the monastery, on December 1, 1839, head of the skite . He wrote more than 2,100 letters. In addition, he spent many hours talking to people looking for help every day. He published numerous monastic fathers' writings in Church Slavonic and Russian translations and thus also provided instructions for people who did not have the opportunity to speak to him. On November 30, 1853 Makarij resigned from his position as headmaster. In 1858 he received the Grand Scheme, the highest level of monasticism. He died in 1860. In 2000 he was canonized . His feast day is 7/20. 9.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Makari Iwanow, Letter 258, October 15, 1849, in: Pisma k monaschestvujuschtschim, Vol. 2, Moscow 1862, 449.
  2. ↑ Cf. Makari Ivanov, Letter 17, October 31, 1849, in: Pisma k monaschestvujuschtschim, Vol. 3, Moscow 1862, 33.
  3. ↑ Cf. Makari Ivanov, Letter 137, March 8, 1857, in: Pisma k monaschestvujuschtschim, Vol. 3, Moscow 1862, 351.
  4. ↑ Cf. Makari Ivanov, Letter 218, December 16, 1839, in: Pisma k monaschestvujuschtschim, Vol. 5, Moscow 1863, 335f.
  5. ↑ Cf. Patriarch Alexius II , Dejanie Oswjaschtschennogo Jubilejnogo Archierejskogo Sobora, in: Schurnal Moskowskoj Patriarchii 2000, No. 9, 69-71.

Makari's works

  • Pisma k blagotschestiwoj christianke, Swjato-Troitskaja Sergiewa Lavra 1911.
  • Sobranie pisem. Pisma k mirskim osobam, Moscow 2 1880.
  • Sobranie pisem. Pisma k monaschestvujuschtschim, 5 vols., Moscow 1862f.

Publication of spiritual literature

  • Oglaschenie prepodobnago Feodora Studita, Moscow 1853.
  • Prepodobnago i bogonosnago otza naschego Marka podwischnika nrawstwenno-podvischnitscheskija sloa, Moscow 1858.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego awwy Dorofeja duschepolesnyja poutschenija i poslanija, Moscow 1856.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego awwy Isaija otschelnika egipetskago duchowno-nrawstvennyja slowa, Moscow 1860.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego awwy Falassija glawy o ljubwi, vosderschanija i duchownoj schizni, Moscow 1855.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego Maksima Ispowednika tolkowanie na 'Otsche nasch' i ego sche slowo postitscheskoe, Moscow 1853.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego Nila Sorskago predanie, Moscow 1849.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego Orsisija awwy Tawenisiotskago utschenie ob ustroenii monascheskago schitelstwa, Moscow 1859.
  • Prepodobnago otza naschego Simeona Nowago Bogoslowa slowa wesma polesnyja, Moscow 1852.
  • Prepodobnych otzew Warsanufija Velikago i Ioanna rukowodstwo, Moscow 1852.
  • Schitie i pisanija moldavskago starza Paisija Velitschkowskago, Moscow 1846.
  • Svjatago otza naschego Isaaka Sirina slova duchownopodwischnitscheskija, Moscow 1854.

literature

  • I grandi monaci di Optina Pustyn, Iconografia dell'anima. Voci del grande eremo russo, introduction a. Notes v. L.Mirri, transl. V. R.Zugan, Milan 2007, 180–226, ISBN 978-88-315-3220-4 .
  • Knechten, HM, Monastic Father Literature and its Reception by Makarij von Optina, Waltrop 2002, ISBN 3-933688-68-X .
  • Konzewitsch, IM, Optina Pustyn i eja wremja, ed. v. EJ Konzewitsch u. GDPodmoschenskij, Jordanville 1970, 164-200.
  • Leonid (Kawelin), Skasanie o schisni i podwigach blaschennyja pamjati starza Optinoj pustyni ieroschimonacha Makarija, Moscow 1861.
  • Pomelzowa, EW, u. S.Lisunov, Schisneopisanie ieroschimonacha Makarija, Optina Pustyn, Svjato-Troitskaja Sergieva Lavra 1997, ISBN 5-7676-0035-X .
  • Sumarokow, EN, Starez Makarij Optinsky, Kharbin 1940.
  • Tschetwerikow, S., Optina Pustyn. Istoritscheskij otscherk i lichnyja vospominanija, Paris n.d. [1926], 44–54.
  • Heinrich Michael Knechten:  Makarij from Optina. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 21, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-110-3 , Sp. 891-892.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Makari Ivanov
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Макарий Иванов (Russian); Ivanov, Mikhail Nikolajewitsch (real name); Иванов, Михаил Николаевич (real name, Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian monk, Starez in Optina Pustyn
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH Shelesniki
DATE OF DEATH September 19, 1860
Place of death Optina Pustyn