Set elements

A quantity element (also macro element ) is a mineral substance which, in contrast to the trace element (micro element ), occurs in various media in a mass fraction of more than 50 mg per kilogram. Because bulk elements are usually ionized in an aqueous medium, ie as positively (Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ ) or negatively (Cl ^- , HPO ₄²⁻ , SO ₄²⁻ ) charged particles, they are called Called electrolytes .

The quantity elements important for the human organism are:

Calcium (Ca) - meaning u. a. for stabilization of the skeletal system , blood clotting, conduction of excitation ( muscle contraction ), activation of enzymes

Potassium (K) - meaning u. a. for maintaining the membrane potential , regulating blood pressure, protein and glycogen formation

Sodium (Na) - meaning u. a. for concentration gradient in nerve cells (together with potassium), absorption and transport of nutrients, regulation of the water balance and the acid / base balance

Magnesium (Mg) - part of bones, teeth, numerous enzymes and energy-rich phosphate compounds

Phosphorus (P) - as phosphate u. a. Part of bones, nucleic acids and monomeric nucleotides (such as ATP ), phospholipids

Sulfur (S) - part of the amino acids cysteine and methionine as well as the B vitamins biotin and thiamine

Chlorine (Cl) - together with sodium u. a. important for water balance, acid / base balance; Chlorine is a component of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl)

The four basic elements of the organisms hydrogen , carbon , nitrogen and oxygen do not belong to the minerals and thus also not to the quantity elements .
The entire biomass consists of 99% of these four elements.

H																		Hey
Li	Be												B.	C.	N	O	F.	No
N / A	Mg												Al	Si	P	S.	Cl	Ar
K	Approx	Sc		Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb	Sr	Y		Zr	Nb	Mon	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	CD	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I.	Xe
Cs	Ba	La	*	Hf	Ta	W.	re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Ed	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Marg
Fr.	Ra	Ac	**	Rf	Db	Sg	Bra	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg

			*	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	He	Tm	Yb	Lu
			**	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pooh	At the	Cm	Bk	Cf	It	Fm	Md	No	Lr

The four basic organic elements

Set elements

essential trace elements

probably essential trace elements

literature

Gertrud Rehner, Hannelore Daniel: Biochemistry of nutrition . Springer, 2010. ISBN 9783827422170 . P. 260.
Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Olaf Adam: Nutritional medicine: according to the nutritional medicine curriculum of the German Medical Association . Georg Thieme, 2004. ISBN 9783131002938 . P. 167.