Rose Mallow
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Rose Mallow ( Malva alcea ) |
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| Malva alcea | ||||||||||||
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The Rose Mallow ( Malva alcea ), also rose mallow, mallow Spitzblättrige, Sigmar herb or victory Wurz Mars called, is a plant that for species of mallow ( Malva ) in the family of mallow belongs (Malvaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The rose mallow grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 50 to 125 centimeters. The always upright stem is covered in the upper area with adjacent simple hair and adjacent star hair (star hairs are branched).
The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blades of the upper leaves are very deeply hand-shaped divided into three to seven sections, which can be roughly blunt-toothed or further divided. The leaf blades of the lower leaves are rounded to kidney-shaped and hardly divided. The leaves and calyx are covered with adjacent star hairs.
Generative characteristics
The rose mallow blooms from June to autumn. The lower flowers stand individually in the axils of foliage leaves, the upper ones are usually clustered to clusters. The hermaphroditic flowers are four to seven centimeters in diameter, radially symmetrical and five-fold. The three green outer sepals are tomentose with star hairs, and with a width of usually 3 to 4 millimeters ovate to broadly lanceolate and widen their base. The five broad, round triangular, green sepals are still about half fused to the anthesis and covered with felt-like star hair. Before that, they form the shell of the characteristic winged bud. The five deeply edged petals are pink to light purple-purple, rarely white, and 20 to 35 millimeters long. The many stamens - typical for all mallow - have grown together to form an approximately 1 centimeter long tube surrounding the pistil , the columna .
The partial fruits are glabrous and laterally wrinkled.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 84.
Differences from similar species
The rose mallow is quite similar to the musk mallow . Outside of the broad sepals mentioned above, the rose mallow (mostly) still has three free-standing, narrow, egg-shaped outer calyx leaflets. With the musk mallow these are very narrow and linear. Another distinguishing feature is the structure of the upper stem leaves. In the musk mallow, the sections are much more structured and with almost straight sections, so that the leaves appear more filigree overall. The flowers of the rose mallow are odorless, while those of the musk mallow can smell weakly.
Occurrence and endangerment
The rose mallow probably originally comes from the eastern Mediterranean . However, it came to Central Europe with humans in the earliest times ( archaeophyte ). There it occurs today on wasteland (roadsides, embankments, dams), mostly near settlements. It thrives best in calcareous and nitrogen-rich soils . In Central Europe it is a character species of the order Onopordetalia, but also occurs in the Leonuro Ballotetum from the Arction association. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1100 meters.
The rose mallow is endangered in the northern Alpine region and northern Alpine foothills , in the area of the Bohemian Massif and in the Pannonian area .
Taxonomy
The first publication of Malva alcea was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 2, S. 689. synonyms for Malva alcea L. are: Malva alcea var. Fastigiata (Cav.) K.Koch , Malva bismalva Bernh. ex Lej. , Malva fastigiata Cav.
use
Their varieties are used as an ornamental plant.
Like other species of mallow, the rose mallow was used in folk medicine earlier because of its mucilage content . The medical effects were examined.
The leaves are eaten raw or cooked and have a good, mild taste. The slimy leaves are a good substitute or addition to other leaf salads; you can harvest them from self-sown plants from spring to mid-summer and in autumn. The flowers are eaten raw and are a nice decoration in every salad, they have a mild taste and a texture similar to the leaves. The seeds are eaten raw; especially when they are fully ripe they have a pleasant nutty taste, but because they are very small, harvesting is relatively difficult.
Ropes can be made from the fibers of the stems. A cream-colored, yellow and green dye can be extracted from different parts of the plant. The seeds contain 15% oil.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 658.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 214.
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Malva alcea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c Malva alcea at Plants for A Future .
Web links
- Rose Mallow . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Malva alcea L., pointed-leaf mallow. In: FloraWeb.de. (Section description)
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Malva alcea L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 8, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Malva alcea In: Friedrich Losch: Our medicinal plants in words and pictures (1914) on biolib.de
- Profile of Malva alcea at Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich . (Sections Description and Occurrence)
