Mangifera kemanga
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Mangifera kemanga on West Java |
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Mangifera kemanga , colloquially also rarely called Kemang , is a tropical tree species from the sumac family(Anacardiaceae). The natural range is on Borneo , Indonesia and Malaysia . The fruits are tasty and are eaten as fruit or processed into juices.
description
Mangifera kemanga grows as an evergreen tree up to 30 meters high. The trunk bark is gray-brown and cracked, the trunk reaches a diameter of up to 120 centimeters. The treetop is expansive. The leaves are almost sessile, the blade is leathery, ovate-lanceolate, 10 to 30 centimeters long and 4 to 8 centimeters wide, the base of the leaves is narrowed in a wedge shape. The leaves are medium green, the top is shiny and hairless.
The inflorescences are terminal, up to 75 centimeters long, richly branched, floriferous, pale red panicles . The flowers are hermaphrodite and fragrant. The five petals are linearly shaped, up to 1 centimeter long, pale purple and slightly bent back in the upper part. A fertile stamen and four staminodes are formed per flower . The ovary is round and red-brown. The stylus is 8 millimeters long, initially whitish in color and purple when it fades.
The fruits are pear-shaped or oblong-egg-shaped, 10 to 15 centimeters long and 5 to 7 centimeters in diameter drupes that grow on a sloping stem. The fruit peel is thin, initially green, later reddish, and when ripe is light yellow-green to light gray, dark brown speckled, slightly fine-black, rough, matt or somewhat shiny. The ripe flesh is beige-white, juicy, soft and fibrous towards the core. The fruits taste pleasant, sweet and sour and have a special, strong aroma. Depending on the variety, the smell can be indistinct to unpleasantly sweet and turpentine-like . The core is woody, light brown, bluntly spindle-shaped, not flattened, up to 9 centimeters long and has a diameter of 4 centimeters. It is connected to the stem by a tough fiber strand.
distribution
The natural range of Mangifera kemanga is on Borneo , Sumatra , in the west of Java and on the Malay Peninsula . Outside the range, the species is grown in Thailand and Bali.
Systematics
Mangifera kemanga is a kind from the genus of mangoes ( Mangifera ), in the family of Sumac is assigned (Anacardiaceae) of the subfamily Anacardioideae. It was first described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1850 . The generic name Mangifera was chosen by Carl von Linné and is derived from the Indonesian word mangga for “mango” and from the Latin fera for “carrying”.
Mangifera kemanga is very similar to the species Mangifera caesia Jack , which is widespread in the same area and to which the species is often counted as a variety Mangifera caesia var. Kemanga (flower) Kostermans . Mangifera caesia differs in the 1 to 1.5 centimeter long petioles, the shorter, only 15 to 25 and rarely up to 40 centimeters long inflorescences and the thin, smooth skin of the fruits. Another synonyms of Mangifera kemanga is Mangifera polycarpa Griffith .
use
The ripe fruits are peeled and eaten as fruit, processed into juice or used as a component of curries and spice pastes. Young leaves are also prepared as a vegetable.
The species grows in the tropical lowlands up to heights of 400 meters. It needs a good water supply all year round and can also tolerate floods. It is propagated by means of the seeds and has hardly been changed in terms of breeding. Faint smelling varieties are popular in Indonesia and also fetch good market prices.
swell
literature
- Bernd Nowak, Bettina Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical crops and their fruits . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-494-01455-5 , p. 355, 356 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 365 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ^ German name after Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits , p. 355
- ↑ a b c Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits , p. 355
- ↑ Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits , pp. 355–356
- ↑ a b Mangifera kemanga in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d Nowak, Schulz: Pocket dictionary of tropical useful plants and their fruits , p. 356
- ↑ Mangifera kemanga. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved January 28, 2014 .
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 365
