Manush Myftiu

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Manush Myftiu (born January 16, 1919 in Vlora , † October 20, 1997 ) was an Albanian politician of the Party of Labor of Albania (PPSh).

Life

Myftiu attended schools in Vlora and Rome . Then he took up a medical degree in Turin . In 1941 he joined the newly founded Communist Party and was a member of the governing body of the cell in Vlora. During the Second World War he was also active as a partisan in the resistance against the occupying powers.

He was a member of the 118-person Anti-Fascist Council for National Liberation , which was  elected as a transitional parliament by the Përmet Congress in May 1944 and helped the Communists to come to power. After the founding of the People's Republic of Albania on January 11, 1946, he became a member of the People's Assembly ( Kuvendi Popullor ) and was a member of it from the first to the end of the eleventh legislative period in 1991. This makes him one of the parliamentarians in Albania with the longest term in office. During this time, from 1947 to 1949, he was also the chairman of the People's Assembly and thus President of Parliament .

In 1949, Myftiu was deputy foreign minister , then minister without a portfolio. On July 5, 1950, he was appointed chairman of the State Control Commission and thus a member of the government of Prime Minister Enver Hoxha . As part of a government reshuffle, he was not only Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers from January 1, 1951 to January 1, 1952, but also Minister of Justice .

In 1952 he was first secretary of the Central Committee (ZK) of the PPSh and was elected as a candidate for the Politburo at its 2nd party congress in April 1952 . On July 12, 1954, he resigned as Central Committee secretary and was again Vice Prime Minister.

At the 3rd party congress in June 1956, he was elected as a member of the Politburo of the PPSh. He was a member of this for 34 years until July 1990, making him one of the longest-serving members of this highest leadership body of the party.

Shortly thereafter, on June 4, 1956, he was appointed Minister of Health in the government of Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu . After a cabinet reshuffle, he was appointed Vice Prime Minister on June 22, 1958, and Ramiz Alia was appointed Minister of Education and Culture. He held these functions until January 1, 1965.

In 1963 he stayed in Paris to treat an illness .

On October 1, 1976, Myftiu was again Vice-Prime Minister in the Shehu government and also took over this function in the subsequent cabinet of Prime Minister Adil Çarçani until July 9, 1990. In this position, he also held talks with the then Bavarian Prime Minister in August 1984 Franz Josef Strauss during his visit to Albania.

Most recently he was also chairman of the State Control Commission from February 2, 1989 to July 9, 1990.

After the collapse of communism , he was arrested in September 1991. With Hoxha's widow, Nexhmije Hoxha , who was arrested in December 1991, he was one of the first communist leaders against whom legal proceedings were sought. In addition to crimes against human and civil rights, he was also accused of corruption . He was later sentenced to five years ' imprisonment and repayment of ill-gotten property because of his age and health .

In 1996 he was tried again along with Haxhi Lleshi , former President of the Aranit Cela Supreme Court , former Attorney General Rapi Mino, and Zylyftar Ramizi , a former Deputy Interior Minister. It was about involvement in crimes against humanity by the Central Deportation and Deportation Commission, chaired by Myftiu and to which the co-defendants belonged. The death penalty imposed by a court was softened by the Supreme Court in a decision of June 24, 1996 as follows: Ramizi received a life sentence , Cela 25 years and Mina five years, while Lleshi and Myftiu received one due to their age and health Bail were released from custody. Shortly afterwards there were protests against this by the National Forum of Intellectuals.

His wife's sister was married to the Politburo candidate Pilo Peristeri .

literature

  • Robert Elsie: Historical Dictionary of Albania (=  Historical Dictionaries of Europe ). 2, illustrated edition. Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8108-7380-3 , pp. 318 (English, 662 pages, limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b J.F. Brown: Background Notes to Albania's Party Congress - Special Report. In: Open Society Archives. February 2, 1961, accessed October 12, 2019 .
  2. ^ Owen Pearson: Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume III: Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy, 1945-99 (=  Albania in the Twentieth Century: A History . Volume 3 ). IBTauris, London 2006, ISBN 1-84511-105-2 , pp. 422 (English, 749 pp., Limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ SHEKULLI: Hoxha, letrat për Manush Myftiun në Paris (July 31, 2009) ( Memento of March 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ DER SPIEGEL: A flying visit to the Skipetarenreich (No. 15/2004)
  5. ↑ Neil J. Kritz (ed.): Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes (=  Transitional Justice . Volume 2 ). US Institute of Peace Press, Washington DC 1995, ISBN 1-878379-44-5 , pp. 728 (English, 780 p., Limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ CAN ALBANIA BREAK THE CHAIN? THE 1993-94 TRIALS OF FORMER HIGH COMMUNIST OFFICIALS ( Memento from May 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ ATA NEWS: NINE SENIOR EX-COMMUNISTS FACE TRIAL (July 30, 1996)
  8. ↑ ATA NEWS: PROTEST OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENT FORUM OF INTELLECTUALS REGARDING DENUNCIATION OF COMMUNIST DICTATORSHIP CRIMES (August 7, 1996)
  9. ↑ Cali Ruchala: Comrade Loulou and the Fun Factory
personal data
SURNAME Myftiu, Manush
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Albanian communist politician
DATE OF BIRTH January 16, 1919
PLACE OF BIRTH Vlora
DATE OF DEATH October 20, 1997