Maria Werbik

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Maria Werbik , also Marie Werbik (born June 27, 1890 in Butovice near Studénka , Moravia , Austria-Hungary , † October 30, 1977 in Linz ) was an Austrian teacher , politician ( NSDAP ) and NS leader .

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Maria Werbik was born on June 27, 1890 as the daughter of a Protestant doctor in the village of Butovice (in German : Botenwald ) near Studénka (in German: Stauding ) in Moravia. Her great-uncle was Gregor Mendel , a Moravian-Austrian priest of the Augustinian order and abbot of the Brno Abbey of St. Thomas , who had done a lot as a genetic researcher, among other things. After attending elementary and community schools , she acquired the qualification to teach English and shortly afterwards started working as a teacher. In 1912 she married the teacher Friedrich "Fritz" Werbik from Brno , who was 24 years old at the time. The marriage had two children: Friedrich "Fritz", born on August 22, 1914, and Herbert, born on February 12, 1921. In the year after the wedding, the newlyweds moved to Linz , before Friedrich Werbik was drafted as an officer in the Austro-Hungarian army in the course of the First World War and served as such until 1917. After he returned from the war, her husband was employed as director of a business school in Prague from 1917 to 1919 and became director of the Linz trust company after the war . This was founded by the lawyer, German national and economic pioneer Carl Beurle , who died at the beginning of 1919 , and was connected with the economic concentration process of the Austrian breweries. Because of this proximity to the Austrian brewing industry, he joined the Poschacher brewery as an authorized signatory in 1921 and soon held the position of deputy director. At the beginning of 1920 that gave Linzer people sheet to exit the couple along with their son Friedrich ( "Fritz") (* 1914, †?) From the Catholic Church known. After his official entry into the then illegal National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in 1925, it was not long before Maria Werbik, who had already joined the NSDAP in 1923, followed him in official positions in the party.

There she soon led the Völkische women and girls group , of which she became chairwoman in 1927. Under her leadership, this group explicitly assigned itself to the NSDAP. Before that, she had already attracted attention in women's organizations. Through the connections to the German-national bourgeoisie of Linz, Werbik came to the association for women's interests , which promoted women in all areas of life. In 1925 she was a member of the large committee of the German-national association. Furthermore, she was proposed for the first time by the National Socialists as a professor's wife as a candidate for the Upper Austrian state elections. In 1927, Werbik finally ran for the Linz City Council on the unity list , an electoral alliance of several anti-Marxist Austrian parties, which was formed with a view to the National Council election in 1927 , for which she subsequently obtained a replacement mandate. In January 1929, Werbik finally joined the municipal council of the city of Linz and was a member of it until 1931. As a council member, she was a member of the housing welfare committee and the municipal welfare committee. In her tenure, which was a little over two years, Werbik was considered an active community politician who often spoke up in the local council and took part in various debates in the respective committees. Furthermore, she also made public appearances as a speaker at various women's assemblies, at which she appeared alongside the Reichstag deputy Robert Helbig and the writer Anton Haasbauer , who headed the Kampfbund in Austria from February 1933. In November 1930 she gave a speech in the presence of the then Reichstag member Hermann Göring .

After leaving local politics, she concentrated again on her work with the NSDAP, which had a high point in 1932 with her appointment as National Socialist Women’s Leader for all of Austria. In addition, she was the editor of the monthly magazine of the National Socialist Women's Association Austria, Die Deutsche Frau, which appeared in Linz from October 1932 . The magazine of the National Socialist women of Austria . On February 17, 1933, Herbert, the couple's youngest son, who at that time was a 2nd grade student at the Bundesgymnasium in Linz, died of a serious illness five days after his twelfth birthday. After the ban on the NSDAP in Austria that came into force on June 19, 1933 , Werbik became a central figure in the illegal National Socialist women's groups, although their scope of action remained regionally limited. Friedrich Werbik, meanwhile also a leading figure within the illegal NSDAP, decided to flee to Germany with his family in 1935, partly because he feared persecution by the Austrian authorities. In Munich he took up a position in the Reichszeugmeisterei while Maria Werbik was active in the Nazi women's group from Germany. During this time she received not only the Golden Party Badge of the NSDAP but also German citizenship . In 1938 the family returned to Linz, where Friedrich Werbik became the NS manager of the Poschacher brewery and, at the same time, served as the council of the city of Linz from February 3, 1939 to May 5, 1945. After working as an independent tax advisor and accountant from 1949 , he died on December 26, 1956 at the age of about 68. After returning to Austria, Maria Werbik no longer appeared in public political positions and was imprisoned as a former National Socialist after the end of the Second World War . Among other things, she was on the list of war criminals for Upper Austria. She was released from prison as early as 1946.

She also appeared in the local council as an advocate of the traditional faithful German image of women. She mainly spoke on matters related to housewife work. The Völkische women and girls group led by Werbik initially had no pronounced political interests, which was initially also shown by the fact that initially mainly women from the intellectually indifferent area of ​​the conservatively oriented völkisch milieu were addressed. It was only with Werbik's appointment as chairwoman of the group that the group came closer and closer to the NSDAP, and in the same year it became an official Hitler movement. Werbik's motto was “For the child”; for them this should also symbolize the expression of the “fighting spirit of the German woman”. Under this title she also wrote an article in the first edition of Die Deutsche Frau, which she edited . Monthly magazine of the National Socialist Women's Association Austria in 1932. Other articles such as At the turn of the year. in the second edition of Die Deutsche Frau des Jahres 1932, Die Chronik des Kinds in the first edition of Die Deutsche Frau des Jahres 1933 or The Mother's Day in the fifth edition of Die Deutsche Frau des Jahres 1933. Werbik saw the main task of the Nazi women in educating the coming generation "to a life of duty, goodness and truth". However , Werbik never took up the National Socialist racial hygiene or the question of women's occupation.

Nothing is known about the further course of her life. Werbik died on October 30, 1977 at the age of 87 in Linz.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Resignation from the cath. Church. In:  Linzer Volksblatt , January 15, 1920, p. 3 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / lvb, accessed on April 4, 2020
  2. ↑ On the state elections. - The election proposal of the National Socialists .. In:  Tages-Post , April 28, 1925, p. 4 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  3. ^ Upper Austrian United Front - Candidates for the Linz City Council :. In:  Tages-Post , April 3, 1927, p. 1 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  4. ↑ From Upper Austria and the neighboring countries. - (Our women before the elections) .. In:  Tages-Post , April 14, 1927, p. 17 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  5. ^ Public women's assembly. In:  Tages-Post , May 21, 1930, p. 14 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  6. ^ Association news .. In:  Tages-Post , November 7, 1930, p. 13 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  7. ^ Association news .. In:  Tages-Post , November 8, 1930, p. 6 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  8. ^ Association news .. In:  Tages-Post , November 3, 1930, p. 13 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  9. ^ Association news .. In:  Tages-Post , November 4, 1930, p. 13 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  10. ↑ a b "The German Woman." In:  Tages-Post , October 25, 1932, p. 10 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
  11. ^ Part of Herbert Werbik. In:  Tages-Post , February 18, 1933, p. 21 (online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, accessed on April 4, 2020
personal data
SURNAME Werbik, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Werbik, Marie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian teacher and politician (NSDAP)
DATE OF BIRTH June 27, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Butovice near Studénka , Moravia , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH October 30, 1977
Place of death Linz , Austria