Marian Herzog

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Marian Herzog (Einsiedeln monastery archive)

Marian Herzog (also Marianus ; baptismal name : Heinrich Josef / Joseph ; born January 19, 1758 in Beromünster ; † November 26, 1828 in Oberbüren ) was a Swiss Benedictine priest , university professor and opposition to the French invasion of 1798 .

Life

Training and time in Einsiedeln

Herzog was the son of the canon of the Canons of St. Michael Beromünster Rudolf Herzog. After he had completed elementary school and the first classes of Latin school , he switched to the collegiate school of the Einsiedeln monastery and entered the novitiate there. He was not yet 18 years old when he took his religious vows on September 10, 1775 . He then studied theology and received on 16 September 1781 the Bishop of Constance Maximilian Christoph von Rodt the priesthood .

Despite his young age, Herzog was quickly promoted to the monastery school. On October 8, 1781 he became a teacher of rhetoric , and in autumn 1783 he was appointed professor of moral theology . In 1784 he also got the professorship for dogmatics . In 1785 he was also given the post of librarian , and in 1787 he was given the position of archivist . The latter was in poor condition when he took office and is said to have cost Herzog quite a bit of effort. At the same time he rose to the so-called superiors within the religious community, remarkable because of his young age. He was appointed instructor and novice master of the lay brothers .

Herzog, until then still professor of theology, archivist and librarian, was appointed pastor of Einsiedeln in September 1791 . In this function he quickly took on the poor and collected the funds to build the new pilgrimage church of Euthal .

"General in choir shirt" 1798 and escape

Herzog was one of the zealous rebels who wanted to defend the independence of Catholic Central Switzerland during the French invasion of 1798 - after he had previously shown himself orally and in writing to be a resolute opponent of the ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution . For this he led the hermit troops on the Etzel . In the night of May 1 to May 2, he took part in the council of war before the battle at Rothenthurm .

Herzog, the so-called "General in a choir shirt" or "General in the dress of the order", went into battle against the advancing French in defense of Einsiedeln. The exact course of the event is passed down very differently and puts his performance in a very different light. In the end the French won and Herzog was forced to flee. He fled to the St. Peter monastery in Bludenz .

Life after the escape

After his escape, Herzog worked mainly as a confessor in the monastery in Bludenz until 1810 . In 1810 he was able to return home to Switzerland and was first pastor in Freienbach . In 1818, twenty years after his escape, he returned to the position of pastor in Einsiedeln. From 1826 he spent his old age again as a confessor in the monastery of St. Gallenberg in Oberbüren, where he died about two years later.

Works (selection)

Herzog wrote various local history, genealogical and anti-intelligence writings, including:

  • Hermit Chronicle. 1783.

literature

  • Gabriel Meyer:  Duke, Marian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 264 f.
  • Rudolf Henggeler : Profession book of the Princely Benedictine Abbey of Our Lady of Einsiedeln. Zug 1934, pp. 451–454.
  • Thomas Fässler: New beginnings and resistance. Einsiedeln Monastery in the area of ​​tension between the Baroque, Enlightenment and Revolution. Egg 2019, ISBN 978-3-906812-04-5 .
  • Norbert Flüeler: Father Marian Herzog, pastor of Einsiedeln, and his share in the French battles in Schwyz in 1798. In: Journal for Swiss Church History = Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique suisse, Volume 29 (1935), pp. 123-137.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Weidmann: History of the former, monastery and the landscape of St Gallen, under the two last princes. Wegelin and Wartmann, St. Gallen 1834, p. 291.
personal data
SURNAME Duke, Marian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Duke, Marianus; Herzog, Heinrich Josef; Herzog, Heinrich Josef (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Benedictine priest, university professor and opposition to the French invasion (1798)
DATE OF BIRTH January 19, 1758
PLACE OF BIRTH Beromünster
DATE OF DEATH November 26, 1828
Place of death Oberbueren