Marie Zakrzewska

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maria Zakrzewska, around 1860

Maria Elizabeth Zakrzewska (born September 6, 1829 in Berlin ; † May 12, 1902 in Jamaica Plain , Massachusetts ) was an American doctor for gynecology and suffragette .

Life

Maria Elizabeth Zakrzewska was the eldest daughter of six children of the Polish aristocrat Ludwig Martin Zakrzewski and his wife Caroline Fredericke Wilhelmina Urban of German descent. Her grandmother was a well-known veterinarian and her mother was a renowned midwife .

Maria Zakrzewska initially trained as a midwife . At the age of 22, Maria Zakrzewska was the director of the Charité clinic for midwives, a traditional hospital in Berlin. Because of her youth and gender, however, she was increasingly exposed to resentment from her male colleagues, so that she finally emigrated to the United States - in search of more equal opportunities.

Shortly afterwards she began her medical studies at the Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva and passed her doctorate as the best student of her class (1856). While still a student, Zakrzewska worked in an ambulance in one of the poorer neighborhoods of New York City, in Lower Manhattan, together with doctor Elizabeth Blackwell . The following year, “Dr. Zak “a job at Women's Medical College , New York City Women's and Children's Hospital , founded by Elizabeth Blackwell , the first American doctor , which was run exclusively by women. A medical college was later attached to make it easier for women to become doctors. The training was rigorous and the prospective doctors - including Sophia Jex-Blake (1840–1912) and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917) - had to demonstrate impeccable morals, otherwise they were excluded from the course.

In 1862, Maria Zakrzewska founded the New England Hospital for Women and Children school hospital in Boston for obstetrics , gynecology and paediatrics and a school for nurses. In the founding document of this women's and children's hospital, she explicitly stated that the training of nurses should be one of the institution's most fundamental goals. In 1879, the first African-American woman, Mary Eliza Mahoney , graduated from the top of her class to become a state nurse.

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Zakrzewska, Maria E. . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 59th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1890, p. 105 ( digital copy ).
  • Martha Schad : Women who moved the world. Ingenious women, torn from the past ... Pattloch, Munich 2000 ISBN 3-629-01625-1
  • Adele Glimm: Elizabeth Blackwell. First Woman Doctor to Modern Times. McGraw-Hill Education, New York NY 2000 ISBN 0-07-134335-0 ( A Bank Street Biography ).
  • Marie E. Zakrzewska: A Practical Illustration of "Woman's Right to Labor". Or, a letter from Marie E. Zakrzewska, MD Late of Berlin, Prussia. Edited by Caroline H. Dall. Walker, Wise & Co, Boston MA 1860 (Reprint: Dodo Press, Gloucester 2007 ISBN 978-1-4065-6805-9 )
  • Arleen Marcia Tuchman: 'Only in a Republic Can it be Proved that Science has no Sex'. Marie Elizabeth Zakrzewska and the Multiple Meanings of Science in the Nineteenth-Century United States. Journal of Women's History, 11.1, 1999, pp. 121-142

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefanie Schröder: Development of the employment of women in the rescue service using the example of Hesse. History, present and future presented on the basis of an empirical study in DRK rescue stations in Central Hesse , Bachelor thesis SRH Gesundheitshochschule Gera 2015, academic supervisor Christine R. Auer, pp. 14-16.
  2. ^ Maria Mischo-Kelling and Karin Wittneben : Nursing education and nursing theories, Urban & Schwarzenberg Munich, Vienna, Baltimore 1st edition 1995, p. 11.
personal data
SURNAME Zakrzewska, Marie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zakrzewska, Maria Elizabeth
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American gynecologist and suffragette
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1829
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin , Germany
DATE OF DEATH May 12, 1902
Place of death Jamaica Plain , Massachusetts