Marienkirche (Botenheim)
The Marienkirche in Botenheim , a district of Brackenheim in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg , has been attested since 1351. The town's medieval cemetery was once around the church.
history
The church in Botenheim was first mentioned in 1351 in connection with the early mess in Cleebronn (with the Württemberg part of Botenheim once shared a mark). Ecclesiastically, Botenheim with Alt-Cleebronn originally belonged to the parish of the Martinskirche in Meimsheim . The oldest part of the Botenheim church, the choir tower plinth, dates from around 1280. It is assumed that the construction of a massive church is related to the separation from the mother community in Meimsheim and that this took place around 1280. When the church consecrated to the Virgin Mary was first mentioned in 1351, Botenheim was already an independent parish . The patronage right of the church originally lay with the Lords of Magenheim as a Worms fiefdom , came to the Lords of Talheim in May 1366 and to a knight court warden in November of the same year. In 1443 the church was then owned by Württemberg . That year, Count Ludwig I handed over the parishes in Botenheim, Pfaffenhofen and Ramsbach to the nuns of the Frauenzimmern convent , who in return ceded their property in Zabergäu to the Count of Württemberg. However, the count continued to reserve the right of presentation (i.e. the appointment of the pastor proposed jointly by nuns and citizens). Around 1480, Alt-Cleebronn was replaced by Botenheim and made an independent parish. The sacristy on the north side of the choir tower was added around 1500.
Because it belonged to Württemberg, the Reformation was carried out in Botenheim in 1534 . The first Protestant pastor was probably Sebastian Weinmar, who worked in the area until 1555. In 1534, the early measurement pillars in Botenheim were abolished and the benefice house was sold to the community, which built the town hall in its place. During the time of the Augsburg interim , an Old Believer service was held again from 1548 to 1555. In 1598 a new bell that is still preserved today was purchased.
In the Thirty Years' War Botenheim was severely affected. The village was temporarily uninhabited and half burned down, the church was devastated by imperial soldiers in 1639. In 1647 the church was further damaged. In the late 17th century, the parish was still vacant several times as a result of the war, and Botenheim was a subsidiary of Brackenheim from 1647 to 1659 . In 1668, pastor Ludwig Braun carried out the first historical investigations in the church when an old tombstone was lifted in the chancel in order to possibly find antiquities in the grave below. However, the tomb was empty and was closed again. In the same year the wooden altar crucifix was purchased. From 1690 the pastor's position was vacant again and Botenheim was again a branch of Brackenheim until 1698. Under Pastor Johann Georg Härlin (in office from 1701 to 1736) the ailing parsonage was renovated and the items of equipment that had been lost since the Thirty Years' War were re-procured for the church. Among other things, a gallery was built in 1721 and the cemetery was enlarged and various renovations were carried out on the church during Härlin's tenure. Under Pastor Jacob Christoph Köllreuter, who was in office from 1737 to 1762, the nave was lengthened in 1745, the clock tower was renovated in 1748/49, the interior decoration was revised in 1749 and the church tower was given a new roof in 1756. However, the roof structure of the tower had to be renewed in 1789.
Under Pastor August Camerer (in office from 1811 to 1831) the rectory was renovated in its current form, a new organ was procured for the church and the cemetery was expanded again. In 1864 the old paintings in the church were whitewashed. In 1894 the first heating facility was created. Under Pastor Wilhelm Stotz (in office from 1904 to 1929) the church was completely renovated in 1909, whereby the old paintings were also uncovered.
Another renovation followed in 1955. The gallery that once ran all the way through the choir tower was reduced in size, freeing the choir for the altar and organ. The pulpit, baptismal font and organ were newly acquired, with the organ receiving the prospectus of the previous instrument. A south portal that was subsequently broken in was bricked up again and the original west portal was converted back into the main portal. The renovations reduced the number of seats in the church from 400 to 200. Finally, in 1959, a new four-way bell was purchased and in 1961 the church was renovated again on the outside.
description
The church in Botenheim is a single-nave choir tower church with a choir facing east. To the north of the choir tower is a sacristy , which is spanned by a net vault.
The three epitaphs of the mayor Martin Waydenlich († 1576) and Hans Ebelmann († 1592) as well as their wife Margaretha († 1598) are embedded on the southern outer wall of the nave . In the choir of the church is the epitaph of the mayor Johann Jacob Nördlinger († 1660) and his wife Maria († 1653).
Bells
We know from the historical number of bells that there was at least one three-bell chime in 1740, as a "middle bell" was mentioned in that year. In 1833 an "old" bell was cast around.
Before the First World War, the ringing consisted of three bells. The oldest and still existing bell from 1598 was cast by Martin and Hans Miller in Esslingen, has the nominal tone as', a diameter of 104 cm and a weight of 661 kg. The bronze bell bears the inscription AVS DEM FEIR FLOS ICH, MARTIN VND HANS MILLER ZV ESSLINGEN GOSEN MICH ANNO 1598 . Another bronze bell came from Jacob Ernst's foundry in Esslingen and was cast there in 1677. It had a diameter of 52 cm, a weight of 80 kg and carried the inscription: MOLDED BY JACOB ERNST VON ESLINGEN THE 6TH O (CTOB). ANNO 1677. PRIOR WAS M. LUDWIG BRAUN. FLTSIISTHWBHIH The third bell was a bronze bell cast by Heinrich Kurtz in Stuttgart in 1833 with a diameter of 80 cm and a weight of 262 kg. The bell bore the inscription TREASURE EVERY BELL STRIKE ON THAT DAY as well as information about the foundry and year of casting as well as the names of the pastor, mayor, mayor and saints caretaker .
During the First World War, the Kurtz bell from 1833 was delivered for armament purposes. After the war ended, two new bronze bells were commissioned from the Bachert bell foundry in 1920 . The bell from 1677, which had been damaged for a long time, was melted down. The larger of the two bells from 1920 had the nominal tone b ', a diameter of 84 cm and a weight of 345 kg. It bore the inscription EHRE SEI GOTT IN DER HÖHE as well as the bell foundry and the year of casting. The smaller bell had the nominal tone d '', a diameter of 66 cm and a weight of 162 kg. It bore the inscription O LAND, LAND, LAND HOERE DES HERREN WORT together with the bell foundry and year of casting.
During the Second World War, the two largest bells of the church had to be delivered. H. the Miller bell from 1598 and the larger of the two Bachert bells from 1920. In the last years of the war and the first post-war years, the smaller Bachert bell from 1920 was the only bell in the church. However, the Miller-Bell escaped being melted down and returned to Brackenheim in 1948.
In 1959 the bell in the church was changed. The small Bachert bell from 1920 was left to the Gustav-Adolf-Werk and came to Trieben in Styria in 1960. To supplement the old Miller bell from 1598, three new bells were cast by Heinrich Kurtz in Stuttgart in 1959. The cross bell has the striking note b ', a diameter of 92.1 cm and a weight of 512 kg. The sign and arbitration bell has the nominal tone of `` , a diameter of 76.2 cm and a weight of 283 kg. The baptismal bell has the nominal tone es '', a diameter of 67.9 cm and a weight of 203 kg. The three bells from 1959 each bear quotations from the Bible as well as the foundry abbreviation HK and the year 1959. On the largest of the bells there is also a crucifixion group designed by Helmut Uhrig , on the other two Christian symbols (cross with alpha and omega or cross with Fishing and waves).
Individual evidence
- ^ Norbert Jung: hilf got vnd maria, contributions to the history of bells in the city and district of Heilbronn , Heilbronn 2008, pp. 23-25.
literature
- Isolde Döbele-Carlesso : Botenheim - A village in the Zabergäu . City of Brackenheim. Brackenheim 1993.
- Heinz Rall: Historic churches in the Zabergäu and the surrounding area , Stuttgart 2003, p. 12/13.
- Julius Fekete : Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn . 2nd Edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 124.
Web links
- Marienkirche Botenheim at kirchen Bezirk-brackenheim.de
Coordinates: 49 ° 3 '56.9 " N , 9 ° 3' 58.1" E