Brands (Netherlands)
| Brands | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Waters | Markermeer | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 27 '27 " N , 5 ° 6' 31" E | |
|
||
| length | 3.3 km | |
| width | 1.7 km | |
| surface | 2.71 km² | |
| Residents | 1850 (2007) 683 inhabitants / km² |
|
| main place | Brands (Kerkbuurt) | |
 flag |
 coat of arms |
| province |
 North Holland
|
| local community |
 Waterland
|
|
Area - land - water |
2.68 km 2 2.67 km 2 0.01 km 2 |
| Residents | 1,820 (Jan. 1, 2017) |
| prefix | 0299 |
| Postcodes | 1156 |
 |
|
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Marken is an island in the Markermeer , which used to be part of the Zuiderzee . Since 1957, Marken has been linked to the mainland by a dike. It belongs to the municipality of Waterland in the province of Noord-Holland .
geography
The island is 3.3 km long and 1.7 km wide (each without dikes), and has an area of 2.68 km². 1,820 people lived on Marken in 2017.
At the easternmost point of the island is the Paard van Marken lighthouse , built in 1839 .
On October 17, 1957, the island was connected to the mainland by a 1.6 km long and 36 meter wide dike , a section of the Waterlandse Zeedijk (Waterland Sea Dike), over which a road and a cycle path run . In the north, a 2.5 km long and 30 meters wide "blind" (unfinished) dike, the Bukdijk (German word meaning: "Bückdeich"), joins the island in the direction of Volendam , a relic of the abandoned land reclamation plan Markerwaard , which is already Created in 1941, but not completed.
The island of Marken is located in the Markermeer named after it . On the east side is the open Markermeer, and on the west side the bay Gouwzee , which is largely separated from the open Markermeer by the island with its two dams. There is only an opening in the north between the northern end of the Bukdijk and the city of Volendam on the mainland. Boats can circumnavigate the island here to go to the port of Marken or the marina of Monnickendam . There is a ferry connection between Volendam and Marken .
Marken belongs to the municipality of Waterland in the province of North Holland . It forms one of the six statistical districts (Wijeken) of the municipality. The settlement center is located in the northwest of the island and consists of the districts Havenbuurt , Kerkbuurt and De Kets . The Kerkbuurt (about a church settlement ) is the historic town center. In the northeast is the village of Minnebuurt . These are the largest towns on the island. They are located north or northwest of the Oostervaart Canal and make up more than 90 percent of the population. Only the four shipyards or hamlets of Grotewerf , Moeniswerf , Rozewerf and Wittewerf lie south of the canal .
history
The island was settled in the 13th century by monks from the Mariëngaarde monastery in Friesland , who made a living from agriculture and animal husbandry . The inhabitants gradually lived more and more from North Sea fishing. When the final dike was completed in 1932 and the Zuiderzee became an inland waterway, the inhabitants of Marken lost their main livelihood, fishing .
Before the completion of the final dike , the island was regularly flooded, so that settlements could only be built higher. Therefore, the houses on Marken are still very close together in small groups, on the approximately 15 artificially constructed so-called Werven (large terps ). Since around 1880, the period of Impressionism , brands have been discovered by painters, including from abroad (e.g. Xavier Mellery ), which marked the beginning of tourism to the island, which was then considered to be particularly picturesque and is now home to important cultural heritage. The museum is partly financed by the residents through annual donations.
Marken was an independent municipality until 1991 when the new municipality of Waterland was founded.
The planned but not built Polder Markerwaard is named after Marken , which would extend east of the island and into which the island would merge. The unfinished dike Bukdijk , facing north from Marken, is a relic of this abandoned plan. It was started in 1941 and after a further 1,800 meters should have reached the easternmost point of the city of Volendam and thus established a mainland connection in the north. In the same year, during the German occupation of the Netherlands, the work was stopped, which was not resumed after the end of the Second World War due to changes in the plan.
The connecting dike to the mainland, over which a road and a cycle path run, was completed on October 17, 1957.
tourism
Today tourism is an important source of income for the former fishing village of Marken, with more than 1,000,000 visitors annually. The residents hardly notice the spending of the tourists, as the souvenir shops are actually only run by so-called "non-markers" and so the money does not flow into the local pockets, but goes to other villages. Marken particularly attracts day visitors, who mostly come over from the former fishing village of Volendam on the frequent ferry .
The striking, colored traditional costume ( Dutch klederdracht ) from the fishing days is still worn a lot. What is noticeable in this tradition is, among other things, that the bride was dressed in black on the wedding day. The woven striped fabrics still available on brands are also very suitable for timeless, modern clothing. Examples of old costumes and other items from that time can be seen in the island's museum. This museum is housed in several old wooden houses.
Picture gallery
Marken, surrounded by the open Markermeer (right and below) and the Gouwzee bay (above left)
Lighthouse
Paard van Marken
on the eastern tip
Rozenwerf from the west,
the Markermeer on the right
literature
- The Dutch island of Marken in Lake Zuider . In: Das Bunte Blatt: An illustrated weekly for the German family (Stuttgart), 3rd year (1926), supplement Aus dem Universum No. 6 of March 14, 1926, pp. 21-22 (with 5 photographic images).
Web links
- Markermuseum website (Dutch)
- Waterland Municipality website (Dutch)
- Historical map of Marken , ca.1868 (Dutch)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2017 Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek , accessed on May 19, 2018 (Dutch)