Marshal's Castle

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Marshal's Castle
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Alternative name (s): Marschallshagen
Creation time : Late Middle Ages
Castle type : Höhenburg, Wallburg, Motte
Conservation status: Burgstall
Place: Lichtenau - Holtheim
Geographical location 51 ° 34 '15.1 "  N , 8 ° 53' 45.9"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 34 '15.1 "  N , 8 ° 53' 45.9"  E
Height: 302  m above sea level NHN
Marschallsburg (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Marshal's Castle

The Marschallsburg , also called Marschallshagen , is a defunct late medieval hilltop castle of the type of a hill fort or moth with an outer bailey of unknown class assignment south-southwest of Holtheim , town of Lichtenau in the Paderborn district in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .

location

The Burgstall Marschallsburg is 1.75 km south-south-west of Holtheim , west of Eggestraße (K 24), on the edge of a hill above the east bank of Altenau at 302  m above sea level. NHN .

description

A roughly rectangular area of ​​90 × 80 m is surrounded by a low wall referred to as a kink , some of which can hardly be recognized. The main castle protects the passage in the southeast corner. The inner courtyard of the castle with a diameter of 20 m is surrounded by a rampart up to 1.20 m high with a ditch in front . The gate in the southwest of the main castle is protected by a crescent-shaped rampart with a moat. Several cellar pits can be seen in their courtyard.

There is no agreement in the literature about the appearance of the main castle. Hömberg speaks of the "inner courtyard", which is surrounded by a wall, some others of "Motte".

A still recognizable stone wall starts 12 m south of the gate and leads 40 m to the east. Two systems of arable terraces can be seen to the south and about 100 m south-east of the ramparts are mounds of rubble interpreted as traces of settlement.

Today the area of ​​the castle, the fields and the desert is used as a forest .

history

In the absence of written sources , nothing can be said about the history of the Marschallsburg . The complex was also only superficially examined archaeologically. In 1988 it was badly damaged during forest work.

Identification and name

In the past, the Marschallshagen desert was located near the castle stables. Using old border descriptions, Wilhelm Wöhlke was able to prove that the Marschallshagen desert was about 1 km further east on the southern edge of the modern Marschallshagen settlement , which also belongs to Holtheim . The modern settlement was built between 1883 and 1914 around the Marschallshagen glassworks , named after the castle stables . After Wöhlke, the Rodenbredengudt was located on the traces of settlement south of the Marschallsburg . The surrounding corridor is still called Hohe Breite today . Nevertheless, the castle complex can often be found in the literature under Marschallshagen , while modern maps indicate it as Marschallsburg . The part of the name Marschall is traced back to the Paderborn ministerial family Marschall / von Osdagessen , who held the Paderborn marshal's office and castle fief in the nearby towns of Lichtenau , Blankenrode and Kleinenberg .

Dating

The dating is based on ceramic finds. Reading finds on the complex itself date from the 13th or 14th century. Since a connection with the desert areas of Rodenbredengudt and Marschallshagen is suspected, these are also used for dating. Both are only mentioned in the 14th and 15th centuries. The breaking of the news around 1480 is seen in connection with the expansion of the manor of the Dalheim monastery . The ceramics found in the Marschallshagen desert began as early as the 12th century, otherwise the ceramics in the desert also come from the time established for the castle complex.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, p. 176 f and map supplement.
  • Philipp Hömberg: The Marschallshagen castle complex near Holtheim. (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hg.): Guide to prehistory and early history I the monuments. Vol. 20 Paderborn plateau. Paderborn. Büren. Salzkotten. ) Mainz 1971, pp. 269-271.
  • Wilhelm Wöhlke: The cultural landscape of the Hardehausener and Dalheimer forest in the Middle Ages. (= Regional history maps and booklets of the Geographical Commission for Westphalia, series settlement and landscape in Westphalia. Vol. 2), Münster 1957, 9 ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Entry on Marschallshagen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  2. ^ Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, attached to the map.
  3. ^ Philipp R. Hömberg : The castle complex Marschallshagen near Holtheim. (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hg.): Guide to prehistory and early history I the monuments. Vol. 20 Paderborn plateau. Paderborn. Büren. Salzkotten. ) Mainz 1971, pp. 269-271.
  4. ^ Philipp Hömberg: The castle complex Marschallshagen near Holtheim. (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hg.): Guide to prehistory and early history I the monuments. Vol. 20 Paderborn plateau. Paderborn. Büren. Salzkotten. ) Mainz 1971, p. 269.
  5. ↑ Jankuhn et al. (Ed.): "The craft in prehistoric times" Part II. Archaeological and philological contributions. Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, 1983, p. 311 ISBN 978-3-525-82412-2
  6. ^ Philipp Hömberg: The castle complex Marschallshagen near Holtheim. (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hg.): Guide to prehistory and early history I the monuments. Vol. 20 Paderborn plateau. Paderborn. Büren. Salzkotten. ) Mainz 1971, pp. 269-271.
  7. ^ Entry on Marschallshagen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute.
  8. ^ Entry on Marschallshagen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  9. ^ Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, p. 177.
  10. ^ Philipp Hömberg: The castle complex Marschallshagen near Holtheim. (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hg.): Guide to prehistory and early history I the monuments. Vol. 20 Paderborn plateau. Paderborn. Büren. Salzkotten. ) Mainz 1971, p. 269 f.
  11. ^ Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, p. 176.
  12. ^ Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, attached to the map.
  13. ↑ Michael Lagers: The Paderborn pin needle to the middle of the 15th century - Investigations into the development and expansion of power structures of lower nobility. (= Friedrich Gerhard Hohmann: Studies and sources for Westphalian history. Vol. 74) Paderborn 2013, pp. 403–408.
  14. ^ Entry on Marschallshagen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute.
  15. ^ Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, p. 176. Philipp Hömberg: The castle complex Marschallshagen near Holtheim. (= Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hg.): Guide to prehistory and early history I the monuments. Vol. 20 Paderborn plateau. Paderborn. Büren. Salzkotten. ) Mainz 1971, p. 270.
  16. ^ Gerhard Henkel : History and geography of the Büren district. Paderborn 1974, p. 176.