Marta Hegemann

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Frieda Wilhelmine Martha "Marta" Hegemann , retained after the divorce the name Räderscheidt (* 14. February 1894 in Dusseldorf , † 28. January 1970 in Cologne ) was a German graphic artist and painter from the circle of Dadaism .

biography

After graduating from high school in 1911, Hegemann studied at the Cologne School of Applied Arts . There she met other young artists, such as Heinrich Hoerle and her future husband Anton Räderscheidt . In 1912 she moved to Düsseldorf to study, but later returned to Cologne for professional reasons after accepting a position as a teacher at a school in Cologne. However, she ended her teaching career a few years later because she wanted to shape her future as an artistically active woman .

Married to Anton Räderscheidt since 1918, she became the mother of two sons (Johann Paul Ferdinand (* 1919) and Karl-Anton (* 1924) ). In the post-war period she began to sympathize with the art movement of Dada , which included her former fellow student Heinrich Hoerle. In the 1920s, Hegemann rose to become one of the most respected artists in the Cologne area. From 1925 in particular, Hegemann's works were featured in numerous - not only local - exhibitions, and she was at the height of her career.

However, her career was abruptly ended by Adolf Hitler's chancellorship . In January 1933, Hegemann moved with her family to Rome and stayed there for nine months. The following year she separated from her husband Anton Räderscheidt. During the Nazi era , many of her paintings were confiscated as “ degenerate art ”, and some were destroyed during the Second World War .

After the end of the war in 1945, Hegemann was no longer able to build on her old successes from the Weimar Republic . She is one of the artists of the lost generation .

She and her two sons tried for a while to earn a living from orders from the arts and crafts until she died of heart disease in a Cologne hospital in 1970 at the age of 75.

The artist Maf Räderscheidt is her granddaughter.

literature

  • Hans Vollmer (ed.), General Lexicon of Fine Artists, Leipzig 1958, Vol. 4, p. 10
  • Jörgen Schäfer: Dada in Cologne: a repertory , Lang, Frankfurt am Main, 1995, ISBN 978-3-631-48265-0
  • Michael Euler-Schmidt , Catharina Berents: Marta Hegemann, 1894-1970: Life and Work , Cologne City Museum, 1990, ISBN 978-3-927396-32-6
  • Ulrika Evers, German artists of the 20th century. Painting-Sculptor-Tapestry , Hamburg 1983, pp. 123–124
  • Hildegard Reinhardt. Life and Work, in: Michael Euler-Schmidt (Ed.), Marta Hegemann (1894–1970) - Life and Work, Cologne 1990, pp. 7–47
  • Hildegard Reinhardt, Marta Hegemann and the Rhenish Exhibition Scene 1920-1933 , in: Das Verborgene Museum (Ed.), Marta Hegemann 1894-1970. Art - A Parable of Life, Berlin 1998, pp. 50–56
  • Hildegard Reinhardt, life like under the "razor". Marta Hegemann and Anton Räderscheidt, in: Renate Berger (eds.), Liebe Macht Kunst , Cologne 2000, pp. 283-325
  • Ingrid von der Dollen, painters in the 20th century. Visual art of the "lost generation". Years of birth 1890-1910 , Munich 2000, p. 110ff.
  • Dorothy Rowe, 'After Dada: Marta Hegemann and the Cologne Avant-garde', Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-7190-9007-3

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Death certificate no. 280 from February 2, 1970, registry office Cologne old town. In: LAV NRW R civil status register. Retrieved June 5, 2018 .
  2. ^ Olaf Peters :  Räderscheidt, Hubert Anton. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 106 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hegemann, Marta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hegemann, Frieda Wilhelmine Martha (maiden name); Räderscheidt, Martha
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German graphic artist and painter
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH January 28, 1970
Place of death Cologne