Martin Dobrizhoffer
Martin Dobritzhoffer (born September 7, 1717 in Friedberg , Bohemia or September 7, 1718 in Graz , Styria , † July 17, 1791 in Vienna ; also Martin Dobrizhofer ) was a Jesuit and missionary who pioneered modern ethnology .
Dobritzhoffer joined the Jesuit order in Vienna in 1734, who sent him in 1748 as a missionary to the Jesuit reductions in what is now Paraguay . He mainly worked in the Gran Chaco , where he got to know the warlike riding people of the Abipones . In 1768 he returned to Vienna and worked there as a priest. In 1784 his work "Historia de Abiponibus" on the history and culture of Paraguay, written in classical Latin , was published in 3 volumes . In it he also discussed the political changes in South America at the time and the expulsion of the Jesuits that began in 1759. He wrote a valuable, contemporary document about the Jesuit colonization attempt, which ended fatally for the Indian population.
literature
in order of appearance
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Dobritzhofer, Martin . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 3rd part. Typogr.-literar.-artist publishing house. Establishment (L. C. Zamarski, C. Dittmarsch & Comp.), Vienna 1858, p. 333 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Friedrich Ratzel: Dobrizhoffer, Martin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, p. 735 f.
- Gustav Otruba : Dobrizhoffer, Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 6 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : DOBRIZHOFFER, Martin. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1337-1338.
- Angelika Kitzmantel: The Jesuit missionaries Martin Dobrizhoffer and Florian Paucke and their contributions to the ethnography of the Gran Chaco in the 18th century . Dissertation, University of Munich 2004.
Web links
- Literature by and about Martin Dobrizhoffer in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Dobrizhoffer, Martin |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Dobritzhoffer, Martin; Dobrizhofer, Martin |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Jesuit, missionary and ethnologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 7, 1717 or September 7, 1718 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Frymburk nad Vltavou, Bohemia or Graz , Styria |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 17, 1791 |
| Place of death | Vienna |