Martin Fischer (diplomat)

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Martin Fischer (born April 13, 1882 in Gernrode , † January 23, 1961 in Hamburg ) was a German diplomat , member of the NSDAP , envoy in Nanking .

Life

Origin, studies, marriage and profession

Martin Fischer was the son of a pastor. He attended the Humanist Gymnasium in Zerbst , where he graduated from high school in 1901. From 1901 to 1904 he studied law in English, French and Chinese in Lausanne , Berlin and Halle. In 1905 he became a trainee lawyer in Anhalt . In 1907 he joined the foreign service . From 1907 to 1909 he worked at the embassy in Beijing and subsequently in various places in China in the consular posts. From 1918 to 1919 he was acting head of the consulate in Bergen. In 1920 he married the Norwegian Sigrid Johnsen. The couple had three children. From 1920 to 1925 he worked at the Kristiania Legation , and from 1921 he was appointed Legation Secretary. In 1926 he took over the business as consul in Mukden and was counselor in Beijing.

time of the nationalsocialism

Fischer joined the NSDAP in August 1935. In 1937 he was appointed acting head of the Consulate General in Shanghai , where he was appointed Consul General in 1939.

On July 3, 1941, the Foreign Ministry in Chongqing informed the highest-ranking representative of the German Reich, Heinrich Northe, that relations had been broken off. The Cabinet Hitler took full diplomatic relations with the government in Nanking and Martin Fischer was in July 1941 Chargé with the official title of ambassador . Heinrich Georg Stahmer was appointed ambassador to China on October 16, 1941 . On December 10, 1941, Chiang Kai-shek declared war on the German Reich and on January 19, 1942, Stahmer presented Wang Jingwei with his credentials as ambassador. Martin Fischer was retired in September 1944 in Nanking. According to the Independent Historical Commission of the Foreign Office , Fischer was one of Ribbentrop's approximately 20 employees. who had to quit after the failed assassination attempt of July 20, 1944 because they appeared to be potential traitors. The “Führer Decree” of May 19, 1943, “on keeping internationally bound men away from authoritative bodies in the state, party and armed forces” was applied to Fischer, who was married to a native Norwegian.

post war period

Fischer stayed in China until 1947 before returning to Germany. In August 1953 he was appointed as a consultant in the Foreign Service of the Federal Republic of Germany. There he initially headed Section B5 “Chinese People's Republic” and later Section 352 “China, Mongolia, North Korea, Hong Kong, Macau”. After termination of his employment relationship in February 1957, he set up the Institute for Asian Studies in Hamburg and headed it. In 1958 Fischer was awarded the Great Cross of Merit with Star of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Fonts

  • Scechuan, diplomacy, and travel in China during the last three years of the imperial era. From the papers of the envoy Martin Fischer. With an appendix: 40 years of German China policy. Edit v. Sigrid Fischer and Hartmut Zelinsky . Munich, Vienna 1968

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Biographical handbook of the German Foreign Service . Edited by Foreign Office, Historical Service. Vol. 1. A - F. Ed .: Johannes Hürter . Schöning, Paderborn 2000, p. 566f.
  2. ↑ Eckart Conze , Norbert Frei , Peter Hayes and Moshe Zimmermann : The office and the past. German diplomats in the Third Reich and in the Federal Republic. Blessing, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-89667-430-2 . P. 316.
  3. ^ Biographical handbook of the German Foreign Service. Vol. 1, p. 567.
  4. ^ Biographical handbook of the German Foreign Service . Vol. 1, p. 567.
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German diplomat, member of the NSDAP, envoy in Nanjing
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Gernrode
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1961
Place of death Hamburg