Martin Ruland the Elder

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Martin Ruland the Elder
Fragment of the grave slab for Martin Ruland in Lauingen

Martin Ruland the Elder , also Martinus Rulandus (* 1532 in Freising ; †  February 3, 1602 in Prague ), was a German doctor , alchemist and Graecist . He was considered a follower of Paracelsus .

Life

Ruland was born the son of the pharmacist Balthasar Ruland (1489–1534). After completing his studies, he first worked as a spa doctor in Giengen . From around 1565 Ruland taught at the Lauinger Gymnasium illustrious (today Albertus-Gymnasium ) as a professor publicus pharmaceutical science , physics and Greek . Lauingen he acted as Stadtphysicus and personal physician of the Count Palatine Philipp Ludwig .

Later Ruland moved to Prague as Emperor Rudolf II's personal physician . There he died at the age of seventy. His grave slab is preserved as a fragment in the wall tower on the Oberanger in Lauingen.

Ruland had six descendants known by name. Four of his sons also became physicians. His son Martin Ruland the Younger later became known as a doctor and alchemist.

plant

Ruland's writings are tied to the alchemical views of his time. As medicine he mostly used emetics containing antimony . His emetic wine ( aqua benedicta rulandi or Rulandswasser), made on the basis of potassium antimonyl tartrate , became known and was found in pharmaceutical books until the 19th century.

Ruland is considered to be the first to describe the clinical symptoms of Rolando epilepsy (1597), which despite the similarity of names was not named after him, but after the Italian anatomist Luigi Rolando .

In addition to his medical work, Ruland wrote medical works such as bloodletting and cupping as well as balneological use of water for diseases and writings on the Greek language, such as B. the widely published Dictionarium latino-graecum sive synonymorum copia (Augsburg 1589, Anger).

A lexicon of alchemy written by his son Ruland the Younger was often attributed to Ruland the Elder.

Fonts

  • Medicina practica recens et nova. Strasbourg 1564.
  • Curationum empiricarum et historicarum centuriae X. Basel 1578.

literature

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  1. ↑ Robley Dunglison: Medical lexicon: A Dictionary of Medical Science. Blanchard & Lea, Philadelphia 1856, p. 906 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  2. ^ Louis Posner: Handbook of clinical drug theory. Hirschwald, Berlin 1866, p. 517 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ Alexander C. van Huffelen: A tribute to Martinus Rulandus. A 16th-century description of benign focal epilepsy of childhood. In: Archives of Neurology . Vol. 46 (1989), H. 4, pp. 445-447, doi: 10.1001 / archneur.1989.00520400105027 , PMID 2495786 .
  4. ↑ Martin Ruland: Curationum empiricarum et historicarum in certis locis & notis hominibus optime riteque probatarum & expertarum, centuria nona. Volume 9, Henricpetri, Basel 1597.
  5. ↑ Drey Buecher: Of water baths, bloodletting and scraping [...]. Basel 1579.
  6. ↑ From water bathing. Dillingen 1568.
  7. ^ Ulrich Neumann:  Ruland (t), Martin d. J. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 244 ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Ruland, Martin the Elder
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Martin Ruland the Elder Ä.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, alchemist and Graecist
DATE OF BIRTH 1532
PLACE OF BIRTH Freising
DATE OF DEATH February 3, 1602
Place of death Prague