Maulbronner Hof (Heilbronn)
The Maulbronner Hof in Heilbronn was a care yard of the Maulbronn Monastery . From 1277 the farm was owned by the monastery, which gave it to the city of Heilbronn as a fief. The court was the seat of important Heilbronn patrician families (Lupold, Orth) and in 1525 became municipal and later private property. It is closely linked to the city's early history. In the 19th century there was a brewery and a vinegar factory on the property. During the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944, the entire old building stock was destroyed.
history
Older research (Heim 1967) saw the farm as a relic of the Franconian royal court in Heilbronn, the core of which was located in the area of today's Deutschhof , so that a farm could have been added to the north of it. Over time, the royal court came into the possession of the Counts of Lauffen and, after their extinction in the early 13th century, passed to the Lords of Dürn . Based on the localization of the royal court in the area of the Deutschhof, the succession of ownership was explained as follows: Through the division of inheritance, the Dürner property was divided into two parts in the course of the 13th century: Ulrich II. Von Dürn received the greater part of the royal court and him German Order donated, whereupon the Deutschhof was created there. Konrad von Dürn († 1258) received the neighboring smaller farm yard and, as compensation, extensive tithe rights , which had been awarded by the Hohenstaufen kings since 1225 .
However, recent research regards it as proven that the Königshof was located in the Kaiserstraße / Gerberstraße / Untere Neckarstraße area, from which the Hirsauer Hof emerged and that the area was later used to build the Katharinenspital . So the early history of the Maulbronner Hof remains uncertain. Most likely, a direct enfeoffment of the Lords of Dürn by Heinrich (VII.) , After he was able to win back rights in Heilbronn under the Nordhausen Treaty.
In the inheritance contract of Konrad von Dürn from 1251, a farm (curia) is expressly mentioned that was to remain with his widow Mechthild von Lauffen as heir . This court or parts of it then came to King Rudolf I of Habsburg in 1273 in the course of regaining lost imperial property .
In 1277 the Maulbronn Monastery exchanged the farm in Heilbronn without King Rudolf's tithe rights for goods in Weißenstein near Bretzingen . At the time of the transfer of ownership, the court was still burdened with claims from the mayor Konrad and the patrician Gebwin , which first had to be ransomed with imperial income. The monastery Maulbronn was the yard in 1282 the widow of the mayor Konrad to fief , 1305 Conrad's son Lupold . Lupold also became mayor and is the first mentioned mayor of the city in 1311 . According to the fiefdom regulations, the fiefdoms were allowed to lend parts of the farm to the construction of residential houses, but they always had to keep space free for farm buildings so that a function as farmyard was always preserved. In 1368 the city of Heilbronn took over the farm and the associated 25 house fiefs as Maulbronn fiefs from Lupold's heirs, at the same time the city also acquired the mayor's office.
In this context there are reports about an old town hall on the site of the bath house at the Kirchbrunnen in Heilbronn, which according to old chronicles should have burned down in 1535. Due to the connection of the court with the early mayors and its location between today's Kirchbrunnenstrasse and Kaiserstrasse, it seems plausible that the old town hall was a building that was directly adjacent to or even belonged to the Maulbronner Hof.
In 1525 the city of Heilbronn acquired the Maulbronner Hof and its interest goods. At that time, the core of the farm was owned by the Speydel merchant family, who ran a trading company there. Through the marriage of a Speydel daughter to the mayor Klaus Schirnagel, the property came into his possession, and through the wedding of a Schirnagel daughter in 1533 it came into the possession of Philipp Orth (1509–1555), father of the later mayor of the same name, Philipp Orth II . (1534-1603). Orth had the Orth'sche Haus (later: Kaiserstraße 20) built in the north-west corner of the courtyard in 1551 . Other buildings in this area can also be traced back to him or one of his six sons. The Orth family also ran a trading house in Maulbronner Hof. At the death of Philipp Orth III. in 1622 the value of the complex was estimated at 2000 guilders.
In the course of time, the property had different owners, but it remained essentially as a large overall complex, even if the original courtyard complex was no longer recognizable as such due to numerous renovations and new buildings. Only the buildings at Kaiserstraße 18 and 18a had been removed from the property when Johann Christoph Wecker acquired the property consisting of the buildings Kaiserstraße 20, 22, 22a, Kirchbrunnenstraße 9 and Mosergasse 5 from the property of a brewery in 1825. Wecker ran a vinegar, yeast and brandy factory on the property until 1900. The merchant Landerer set up his stationery shop at No. 18. Particularly due to the commercial use of the 19th century, there were various other modifications that further obscured the courtyard character and the age of the property.
After 1900 the property was parceled out. The entire building stock was destroyed in the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944. During the demolition of the ruins and the subsequent reconstruction work, parts of the foundation from the Staufer period were found, which confirmed the old age of the property for the last time. Today the area is built over with inner-city residential and commercial buildings.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (= publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 13 f .
- ↑ Hans-Gert Oomen: The Carolingian royal court Heilbronn. A contribution to the history of the city from the beginning to the end of the 13th century (= publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 18 ). Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1972, p. 89 .
literature
- Werner Heim: The Maulbronner Hof . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . 13th year, no. 1 . Heilbronner Voice publishing house, January 14, 1967, ZDB -ID 128017-X .
- Werner Heim: The history of the Maulbronner Hof . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . 13th year, no. 3 . Heilbronner Stimme Verlag, March 11, 1967 ZDB -ID 128017-X .
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 '30.2 " N , 9 ° 13' 4.1" E