Maison de la culture yiddish - Bibliothèque Medem

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The Parisian Maison de la culture yiddish ("House of Yiddish Culture") was created in 2002 from an initiative of the Medem Library , founded in 1929, and the "Association pour l'enseignement et la diffusion de la culture yiddish" (Association for the Teaching and spreading Yiddish culture). The two organizations merged in autumn 2003 and are now together at the address of the institution, Rue du Château d'eau No. 29, Paris , under the collective name “Maison de la culture yiddish - Bibliothèque Medem” or “Parizer yidish-tsenter” - Medem-bibliotek “(פּאַריזער ייִדיש־צענטער - מעדעם־ביבליאָטעק).

As a result of the merger, the institution is working on two core tasks: firstly, the dissemination of the Yiddish language in language courses and cultural events and, secondly, the provision of the largest non-university collection of Yiddish works in Europe. The Medem library now has over 30,000 books, including around 5,000 copies that were saved from being destroyed by the Nazis. It represents an important source of Yiddish-French culture before 1940.

History of the Medem Library

Jewish workers' associations

In 1880 the great waves of immigration from Eastern European Jews to France began. They fled "from tsarism and the pogroms, anti-Semitism, the poverty of the countries of the east during industrialization, the economic crisis , the boycott of Jewish handicrafts in Poland [...], the anger in the military service, the anti-communism of the Polish" security " … ”The arriving Jews were poorly“ instructed in modern times ”, rarely had adequate training and no access to higher studies. The working class formed the breeding ground for Jewish social life. Numerous political organizations formed in Paris. They formed the socio-political basis for later arrivals. Yiddish remained their preferred language, after all "she embodies [she] the same 'Jewishness' as Hebrew before".

The “Jewish Workers' Education Association in Paris” (Parizer yidisher arbeter-bildungs-fareyn) was founded in 1900 as the first organ of the Bundists , the central organization of Jewish socialists. Four years later, the “workers' association fighters” (Arbeter-fareyn kemfer) was created, conceived as an organization for mutual aid. He maintains a small library unrelated to the Medem library and a theater company. Needy families are fed in the club's own canteen.

The Vladimir Medem workers' club

In 1922 the “Kultur-Liga” (Kultur -lige) was founded by left-wing Jewish groups - communists, Bundists and Poale Zion , socialist Zionists. The dominance of the communists soon became apparent in the cultural league, which was basically organized on an equal footing . Other factions are trying to evade their influence. For their part, the Bundists found the “ Wladimir Medem -Arbeiterklub” (Arbeter-klub afn nomen Vladimir Medem), named after the central ideologist of the Bundist movement, often simply called the “Medemverband” (Medem-farband) .

The Nomberg Library

In February 1928, eight Eastern European immigrants, members of the Medem Association, decided to found a new library in honor of the journalist and writer Hersh-David Nomberg - the "Nomberg Library in the Medem Association " (Nomberg-bibliotek baym Medem-farband) . The photo from February 16, 1929 shows the eight "founding fathers" of the library, which has been preserved in its basic form to this day.

The Nomberg library will be located at 50 rue des Francs-Bourgeois - in the Marais - at that time already a hub of Jewish cultural life. The start-up capital amounts to just 300 francs . To finance the first copies for the library, a soiree was organized at the end of 1928 , at which the four intellectual founders, Sholem Asch , Perez Hirschbein , David Einhorn and Zalmen Shneour , appeared as Yiddish writers. The proceeds are invested in the first books and showcases. The Nomberg Collection receives donations from Sholem Asch, 200 books, and 300 copies from Baruch Charney Vladeck , manager of the New York Yiddish daily newspaper The Forward .

Founder of the Nomberg Library, predecessor of the Medem Library (February 16, 1929) - Kiwa Vaisbrot, Yitskhok Blumenstein, Meir Mendelson, Haim Golub, Leyb Tabacznik, Av. Zusman, Eli Sviranski and David Leber
Hersh-Dovid Nomberg (1867–1927), man of letters, namesake of the Nomberg library

In 1929 the cap makers' union (“Syndicat des Casquettiers”) begins to disband when demand slackens and large parts of it move to other industries; They entrust their property, around 800 works, published from 1895, to the Nomberg Library. Further book donations, mainly from the USA, enrich the library continuously.

In 1932, the French Bundists established the Arbeter Ring , which was also located in the Marais, at 110 Vieille-du-Temple. For decades this building will be the center of the federal government in France, which has set up its office on the third floor of the building. The Nomberg library is also being set up there, but occupies just two rooms - a reception area and a reading room. The books are stored in heavy cabinets, which years later will have a decisive influence on the fate of the library.

In 1939 Paris had six Yiddish libraries linked to political and cultural movements and two private libraries. With 6,200 books, the library under the name Yefim Perniko is the largest of them. It is run by the Federatsye fun yidishe landsmanshaftn in Frankraykh . The legacy of the now faded cultural league is represented by the Yidishe folks library under nomen Sholem-Aleykhem with 3,800 copies. The larger of the two private libraries is the Bibliothèque Kouliche, founded in 1903 .

German occupation 1940–1944

After the Statute on Jews in October 1940, life in the French-Jewish community suddenly deteriorated. “The most urgent activity of these libraries was no longer to encourage people to read, but to do what is fundamentally necessary.” Canteens and accommodation for the needy are being built in all public Jewish institutions.

After the large mass arrests, including the " Rafle du Vél 'd'Hiv' ", the majority of the Bundists soon emigrated from the insecure and threatening capital to the unoccupied southern areas of France (zone libre) .

In the autumn of 1942, men of the Gestapo entered the premises on Rue Vieille-du-Temple with the aim of inspecting the library and, if necessary, confiscating books. The canteen was still in operation at this time, so food cans were waist-high blocking the 2-meter-high cupboards in which the books of the Nomberg library are stored. The Gestapo men decide to return the next day. Nathan Shakhnovski, one of the few Bundists who remained in Paris, and his wife Marguerite, a non-Jew born in Germany, decide to take the books to the second cellar, two floors below the ground. Concierge Rozier and another Bundist, Ika Richter, help them with this. Stowed in wooden boxes, around 3,000 books, another source according to 5,000, escape destruction. These copies form the basis for the library's continued existence after 1945. Two of the seven founders, Leyb Tabacznik and Eli Shvirinski, fell victim to the Shoah .

After the occupation

The administration of the Medem library, established in 1944, (Photo: 1946)

The Medem color band did not reunite after the war, but the Arbeter ring survived the occupation. He is increasingly moving away from his original radical-ideological line and devoting himself more and more to solidarity activities. The translation of the name Cercle amical de secours mutuel ("Amicable Circle for Mutual Help") records this new orientation that grew out of the previous persecution.

As early as October 4, 1944, the Paris daily newspaper of the Bundists, Undzer Shtime , appeared again. An article from October 7, 1944, entitled Vegn undzere kultur-oyfgabn, tells of the rescued collection, its cultural mission and the opening of a new library.

“ Deriber muz tsuzamen mitn iberboy fun yidishn lebn forkumen the oyfboy fun yidishn cultures live un in the ershter rey mayn me zorgn derfar, az di yidishe shreyber, velkhe hobn zikh geratevet fun hitler-goem, zoln hobn di breytste meglekhkeyt. Es muzn tsurik oyfgeshtelt vern yidishe bibliotekn, leyenzaln un dos glaykhe. The yidish-sotsialistish color band optsurateven kimat zayn gantse bibliotek succeeded. Di dozike bibliotek vet in kurtsn zikh tsurik efenen un zi vet zayn tsum dinst fun di breyte yidishe masn. Ale di, velkhe hobn interes farn yidishn bukh, veln hobn di breytste meglekhkeytn tsu genisn fun ir. "

A committee decided to change the name of the library. The Bundist parliamentary group, led by Chil Naiman, is trying to prevent the already little-used name Medems from disappearing for good. They prevail - the collection is given the new name Medem-Bibliothek (baym Arbeter-Ring) , which it still bears today. The library opens on October 14, 1944, a week after the announcement in Undzer shtime .

Under the influence of the survivors arriving from Eastern Europe, Jewish cultural life in Paris began to recover, and in the mid-1950s there was a real outburst of interest. The situation is different, especially in Eastern Europe. “The YIVO Institute in Kiev was suspended by Stalin , the YIVO in Wilnius fortunately moved to the USA in 1938. The Royal Library in Denmark and the Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana in Amsterdam are still intact. But nothing more in Lublin , in Warsaw , in Brody , in Kowno . "

However, the Medem library is growing steadily and in the summer of 1965, due to a lack of space, moves into the new office of the Cercle Amical , in Rue René-Boulanger, No. 52. More than 10,000 books now have to be stored there.

Process of transformation

Library Committee
(1970s, exact date unknown)

A phase of change occurs in the 1970s . It is recognized that because of the linguistic assimilation and the decrease in the number of Jewish lessons, the regular customers will not replace themselves with themselves. The second generation of immigrants came increasingly from 1968-1969 to devote themselves to the Jewish heritage, mostly students. The library is expanding its inventory to include French works, opening up to a wider public.

The library received an even stronger public response in 1978 when Isaac Bashevis Singer was the first and to date only Yiddish writer to receive the Nobel Prize for his life's work. Yiddish centers are beginning to sprout all over Europe; B. Belfast, London, Cambridge, Potsdam. The Medem library is fully dedicated to this boom, making materials available to the young institutions and thus expanding its network of connections. When the Center Pompidou wanted to devote a themed week to Yiddish in the same year, the library came to the rescue.

Yitskhok Niborski, employed in the Medem library since 1979, professor at INALCO (Photo: September 12, 2006)

At the beginning of 1979 the library managers decided to set up an organization under the French law of 1901 with the aim of autonomously pursuing its cultural mission. On February 13, 1979, the formal administrative act is completed with the declaration to the police prefecture. The exact wording in the "Journal officiel de la République française" as follows:

«February 13, 1979. Declaration à la préfecture de police. Association Bibliothèque MEDEM. Objet: mise à disposition et emprunt de livres à domicile: lecture et étude des livres sur place; promotion de la langue et de la culture yiddish. Siège social: 52, rue René-Boulanger, 75010 Paris »

"13. February 1979. Declaration at the police prefecture. Association Bibliothèque MEDEM. Object: Provision and home loan: reading and studying the books on site; Promotion of the Yiddish language and culture. Registered office: 52, rue René-Boulanger, 75010 Paris "

The collection remains at the old address, but the administrative regulation refers to the formal separation from the Arbeiter-Ring. The privileged connections still exist.

The arrival of Yitskhok Niborski in October 1979 confirmed this development. He is hired to compile a complete catalog of the library, the aim of which is to divide the collection alphabetically and thematically. Until then, readers will have to rely on the memory of the library director, Kiwa Vaisbrot. Niborski himself justified the decision to go to Paris with the precarious economic and political situation in Argentina at the time . The offer of the library in Paris seemed to him the most attractive, and so he and his family left his home in the hope of finding fruitful cultural conditions in France.

Originally only contractually bound for three months, however, Yiddish circles advocate his stay. He soon became a central figure in Yiddish studies in France. The Medem library owes its status as an indispensable institution in matters of Yiddish not least to its dynamic appearance. Under his influence, the Medem library expanded its activities as an educational institution, Yiddishophone singers, researchers and students sought his advice. Gilles Rozier , the current president of the media library, together with Rachel Ertel , also a Yiddish student at INALCO, even describes him as "guarantors of the renaissance of Yiddish in Europe".

Taking up larger collections

In the early 1990s, the network of the Union des Juifs pour la Résistance et l'Entr'aide ("Union of Jews for Resistance and Mutual Aid", UJRE ), a large post-war Jewish communist organization, slowly collapsed due to decreasing membership together. In 1993 the Medem library received the majority of the stored books, around 5,000 copies, including a part of the former property of the cultural leagues from the 1920s and an almost complete collection of Soviet publications. The above-mentioned private collection of the Kouliche Library is given to the Medem Library in the same year, approximately 2,000 books, including many pre-war publications. A year later, the estate of the Yiddish writer Henri Slovès, around 700 books, was added to the inventory. In 1993 the Medem library became the largest of its kind in Europe. In 1995, Gilles Rozier, President of the Library, stated that the collection “every year […] takes in almost 10,000 books” of legacies “which are made available to us by private individuals”. In 1997, the world is still assuming an annual growth of 3,000 books - "it will be a bit cramped in Rue René-Boulanger". The space in Rue René-Boulanger is no longer sufficient with this influx. The Figaro reports that you can hardly guess the tiles of the former bathroom - it is so crammed - and that there are still books in the kitchen cupboard.

Association pour l'Enseignement et la Diffusion de la Culture Yiddish

AEDCY was founded in 1981. Significantly, it was founded during a period of decline in interest in Jewish culture. One of the main initiators of this association is Yitzhok Niborski, professor of Yiddish at INALCO ( Institut National des Langues et Civilizations Orientales , Paris VII) and, as mentioned above, one of the principal actors of the Medem library. The focus is on spreading the Yiddish language, and language courses and cultural activities are organized. It maintains a theater company and a choir, which for many years was directed by the author and composer Jacques Grober , who died in 2006 . A Yiddishophone magazine is published monthly. The association reaches a maximum of 500 members, comparable to the number of members of the Medem library.

Merger

Due to the similar audience, the congruent interests and, last but not least, the diverse cooperation, the two organizations are drawing closer together. Language courses and other AEDCY activities are often held on the library premises. Most of the volunteers were involved in both institutions at the same time. These close connections resulted in the "Maison de la Culture Yiddish / Bibliotheque Medem" being opened on October 14, 2002 under the direction of both. The associated administrative steps will be completed with the declaration of the new title, "Bibliothèque Medem - Maison de la culture yiddish" at the police prefecture on February 10, 2002. But this only affects one side of the future merger. On the part of the AEDCY, whose official name was changed in advance to “Maison de la culture yiddish - AEDCY” in order to limit irritation for members, the merger with the “Maison de la culture yiddish” took place on December 10, 2002 - Bibliothèque Medem ”officially announced. The project was given the name of the latter, but at the same time the Yiddish name "Parizer yidish-tsenter - Medem bibliotek" was added to the title.

The premises are now located at 29 Rue du Château d'eau. Today, the Maison de la Culture Yiddish employs five people and nine professors - the majority of whom are already active in the previous associations. The existential basis of the institution is made up of around twenty volunteers.

The institution has been working with the Austrian Memorial Service since 2005 and receives a memorial servant every year.

Self-image

Influenced for decades by the Bundist or socialist tradition, the Medem library opened up politically in accordance with its increasingly heterogeneous clientele. The Maison de la Culture Yiddish sees itself today as the mouthpiece of every kind of Jewish thought. With the addition of numerous public and private collections, the library's literary profile has also become increasingly plural. Nevertheless, the MCY remains true to its secular self-image to this day. The ideological reference values ​​remain the humanistic tradition and a principle of internationalism, which, according to the long-time director Kiwa Vaisbrot, is “in no way compatible with a national conception of the Jewish people”.

The Kulturhaus strives to preserve Europe's Yiddish literary heritage and to convey the Yiddish language and a lively culture in language courses and events. For example, the play "Jonas und der Wal" (Yoynes un der valfish) by Haim Sloves , directed by Charlotte Messer, was staged on January 25, 2004 in the Parisian Theater Dejazet - the first complete play in 30 years to be written in Yiddish in Paris was performed. The support of the eleven-member amateur theater group as well as the distribution of the video cassette of the play is one of numerous initiatives of the Maison de la Culture Yiddish.

Library

In 1929 the Nomberg Library, the predecessor of the Medem Library, was founded with 500 books. In 1939, 3,000 copies were counted, and in 1949 there were more than 10,000 books in stock. Today it already provides 30,000 books in Yiddish (20,000) and other languages ​​(10,000), including French, Hebrew, English, German and Polish. The media library has 4,000 Yiddish (folk) songs, klezmer and liturgical chants, 500 scores and 150 videos.

A large collection of Yizker-bikher , books of remembrance and mourning, published by the survivors of the Shoah , has been integrated into the library . The library also preserves particularly valuable works from the 18th and 19th centuries, including a Kines book , Book of Lamentation, in Yiddish, published in Amsterdam in 1718 . Also a Seyfer Lev tov (Amsterdam, 1723) and a Seyfer Yosipon (Amsterdam, 1771) as well as a series of prayer books for festive occasions with a translation into Yiddish (Amsterdam, 1768).

Library storage rooms

The works of Yiddish writers between 1910 and 1920 should also be mentioned, which were illustrated in abundance by Jewish artists such as Marc Chagall , Yoysef Tshaykov and El Lissitzky . One of the most interesting series of books is represented by around 150 copies of the so-called Shund literature , sentimental literature for the general public. In the form of pamphlets, they were published at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, mainly in Russia or the United States.

Missing copies of the two series by Haynt and Folkstsaytung from Warsaw and Lodz during the interwar period were recently acquired on microfilm from the YIVO Institute.

In 1999 the Medem library was enriched by archives of Yiddish newspapers in Paris. Numerous copies of Undzer vort , Undzer veg and Arbeter-vort were recorded and offer a cross-section of the Jewish-French society after 1944/1945.

The archive owns the private collections of several Yiddish writers or public figures, provided by their descendants. Including:

Cultural activities

Around 15 different courses at all language levels are offered, led by well-known professors such as Yitskhok Niborski, professor of Yiddish language and literature at INALCO. Around 200 people take part each year. The courses are complemented by a monthly seminar on Yiddish literature and French conferences.

At the initiative of Marthe Desrosières and Estelle Hulack, the “Atelier Klezmer” was set up. It gives musicians an impression of the style. Internationally renowned musicians such as David Krakauer (former member of the Klezmatics ), Josh Dolgin , Karsten Troyke and Bob Cohen are invited.

The children's school for children between the ages of three and eleven is held every two weeks on Sundays. It combines the teaching of the Yiddish language and culture with playful activities such as plastic work, music or theater.

The theater group, directed by Charlotte Messer, puts on a play every year, "Jonas und der Wal" (Yoynes un der valfish) by Haim Sloves had a premiere in 2004. In 2007 Di tsvey Kune-Leml, a play by Abraham Goldfaden , is performed at the Theater Menilmontant .

Publications

In cooperation with the AEDCY, the magazine Der Yidisher Tam-Tam is published every six months , which is primarily intended to address students. It has a circulation of 450 copies and is also offered on the Internet, with 700 downloads per month. The editorial team is made up of students, supervised by a professional team of editors.

Other publications include, for example, a “Dictionary for words of Hebrew and Aramaic origin” (Verterbukh fun di loshn-koydesh-shtamike verter in yidish) by Yitskhok Niborski and Simon Neuberg or the language course Hulyet, kinderlek! for children, written by Annick Prime-Margolis. Essential and popular around the world are works such as the “Yiddish-French Dictionary”, a collaboration between Yitskhok Niborski and Bernard Vaisbrot, as well as the “French-Yiddish Dictionary” by Samuel Kerner and Bernard Vaisbrot. In addition, older works by Yiddish writers are being published in new editions, such as Un bonjour du pays natal , poetry by Miriam Ulinover in bilingual form by Natalia Krynicka or Est et Ouest / Déraciné by Wolf Wieviorka , translated by Batia Baum and Shmuel Bunim.

Full list of publications:

  • A la croisée des chemins et autres nouvelles traduites du yiddish , Dovid Umru, 2006, 289 pages
  • Tshiriboym - Nouveau chants yiddish , Jacques Grober, 2006, 162 pages
  • En chemin - Oyfn veg - Chants populaires yiddish harmonisés , Jean Genuevit, 2006, 147 pages
  • Le chant du peuple juif assassiné , Yitskhok Katzenelson , 2005, 176 pages
  • La culture yiddish aujourd'hui , 2004, 400 pages
  • Un bonjour du pays natal, poèmes , Miriam Ulinover, translated by Batia Baum and edited by Natalia Krynicka, 2003, 440 pages
  • Est et ouest / Déracins , Wolf Wieviorka, translated by Batia Baum and Shmuel Bunim, 2004, 345 pages
  • Dictionnaire yiddish-français , Yitskhok Niborski and Bernard Vaisbrot, 632 pages
  • Dictionnaire des mots d'origine hébraïque et araméenne en usage dans la langue yiddish , Yitskhok Niborski and Simon Neuberg, 2nd edition, 306 pages
  • Dictionnaire français-yiddish , Samuel Kerner and Bernard Vaisbrot, 530 pages
  • Hulyet, kinderlekh: a yidish lernbukh far kinder , Annick Prime-Margulis, 120 pages
  • L'Eclat des crépuscules: Oser Warszawski (1898–1944), un écrivain yiddish entre chien et loup , exhibition catalog, 1998, 64 pages

budget

In 1999 the Medem library still had a budget of 850,000 francs. In five years it quadrupled due to the merger of the Medem Library and the AEDCY. The company's own income is mainly achieved through the numerous cultural events and publications. The library draws money from regular institutional sources (Ministry of Culture, “National Center of Books”, City of Paris), unscheduled support from Jewish institutions (Fondation du juidaisme français) or the United Jewish Social Fund. In addition, the Maison de la Culture Yiddish relies on the generosity of private organizations as well as the public.

audience

In 2006 the Maison de la Culture Yiddish had around 2,000 members, including 232 “Adhésions familiales” (family memberships). The vast majority of these members are still from Paris (69 percent), followed by the Paris suburbs (29 percent). According to information on the website, 187 enrollments in Yiddish courses, 245 in the art studio and 95 in other cultural events were recorded during 2006–2007. It is given an annual attendance of 25,000 people.

In Juliette Ostier's informative diploma thesis on the situation of the Yiddish language in France, the central position of the Maison de la Culture Yiddish in the Yiddishophone Parisian society is described. The connections to the university environment are still particularly strong. 100 percent of the surveyed students / private individuals who attend a Yiddish course at a Paris university know the institution, 83.3 percent of them have already attended it. 16.7 percent of them claim to have already attended a Yiddish course there.

This could give the impression that students are the main clientele of the language courses and cultural activities at Maison de la Culture Yiddish. In fact, as Eva Johanna Mangold emphasizes in her thesis “Yiddish and Jewish in Paris: La Maison de la Culture Yiddish”, it is still the case that the native speakers of the 1st and 2nd generation of immigrants are in the majority . You could speak Yiddish, but you could neither read nor write it.

Since the beginning of its activity, the Maison de la Culture Yiddish has tried to open up new target groups. The new generation is addressed with publications such as language methods for children or Yiddish fairy tale books as well as child-friendly events (children's school, atelier enfants) . This awareness raising is seen as vital for the Yiddish language. Such a commitment is also necessary from an objective point of view, as Juliette Ostier shows: only 46.2 percent of those who attend a language course at the Maison de la Culture Yiddish want their children to speak Yiddish. The situation within the student body is even more negative. 87.5 percent either gave no answer to the question asked or were indifferent to it.

credentials

  1. ↑ Historique de la Bibliothèque Medem - Carrefour des littératures européennes , Bernard Vaisbrot, p. 3.
  2. ^ A b Historique de la Bibliothèque Medem - Carrefour des littératures européennes , Bernard Vaisbrot
  3. ↑ Rue des Francs-Bourgeois No. 50
  4. ↑ a b Le Messager , May 1995, N ° 108
  5. ↑ Baruch Charney Vladeck in the English language Wikipedia : Baruch Charney Vladeck
  6. ↑ Historique de la Bibliothèque Medem - Carrefour des littératures européennes , Bernard Vaisbrot, p. 6.
  7. ↑ http://perso.orange.fr/dd.natanson/statut1.htm
  8. ^ The Medem-Bibliotek: The Yiddish Library of Paris by Gilles Rozier, in: Shofar, An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies, Ed. Purdue University Jewish Studies Program, West Lafayette (Indiana) p. 140
  9. ↑ Marguerite was accepted into the 'hassidey' oummoth ha'Olam (חסיד אומות העולם), the Righteous Among the Nations , in Yad Vashem
  10. ^ A b The Medem-Bibliotek: The Yiddish Library of Paris , Gilles Rozier, Shofar, p. 141
  11. ↑ Historique de la Bibliothèque Medem - Carrefour des littératures européennes , Bernard Vaisbrot, p. 7.
  12. ↑ [1]
  13. ^ A b The Medem-Bibliotek: The Yiddish Library of Paris , Gilles Rozier, Shofar, p. 142
  14. ^ Journal officiel de la République française , March 7, 1979, p. 2104
  15. ↑ Interview with Y. Niborski, Yiddisches und Jüdisches in Paris: La Maison de la Culture Yiddish , Eva Johanna Mangold, p. 142
  16. ^ "Pour l'amour d'une langue", in: Actualité Juive , N ° 444, October 12, 1995
  17. ^ "Medem - La plus grande bibliothèque yiddish d'Europe", in: Le Messager , May 1995, N ° 108
  18. ↑ La plus grande bibliothèque yiddish d'Europe , in: Liberation , 24/25. June 1995
  19. Jump up against the death of a language , in: Die Welt , February 24, 1997
  20. ↑ La plus grande bibliothèque yiddish d'Europe , in: Le Figaro , 2/3. September 2000
  21. ↑ a b Yiddish and Jewish in Paris: La Maison de la Culture Yiddish , Eva Johanna Mangold, p. 33
  22. ^ Journal officiel de la République française , April 12, 2003, p. 2047.
  23. ^ Journal officiel de la République française , January 10, 2004, p. 208.
  24. ↑ Interview with Gilles Rozier, Yiddish and Jewish in Paris: La Maison de la Culture Yiddish , Eva Johanna Mangold, p. 164
  25. ↑ Historique de la Bibliothèque Medem - Carrefour des littératures européennes , Bernard Vaisbrot, p. 9.
  26. ^ Yiddish and Jewish in Paris: La Maison de la Culture Yiddish , Eva Johanna Mangold, p. 43
  27. ^ La Culture Yiddish aujourd'hui , p. 226
  28. ↑ Information brochure Gala de soutien au profit de la Maison de la Culture Yiddish taken
  29. ^ La Culture Yiddish aujourd'hui , p. 227
  30. ^ La Culture Yiddish aujourd'hui , p. 230
  31. ↑ http://yiddishweb.com/MCY/statistiques.html ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / yiddishweb.com
  32. ↑ a b Le yiddish aujourd'hui: regain d'intérêt, identités et imaginaires linguistiques , Juliette Ostier, p. 81ff.
  33. ^ Yiddish and Jewish in Paris: La Maison de la Culture Yiddish , Eva Johanna Mangold, p. 89

literature

  • Zosa Szajkowski : Yidn in Frankraykh: shtudies un materialn. Dos yidishe gezelshaftlekhe live in Pariz tsum yor 1939 ed. Elias Tcherikower , New York (YIVO) 1942, vol. 2
  • Tsirl Steingart: The "Bund" in Frankraykh in: Our Tsait 10-12 (October - December 1972)
  • Nancy Green: The "Pletzl" of Paris. Jewish immigrant workers in the Belle Époque Holmes & Meyer, New York 1986
  • Stéphane Mandron: La Bibliothèque Medem diploma thesis, Paris 1986
  • Bernard Vaisbrot: Historique de la Bibliothèque Medem. Carrefour des littératures européennes Presentation to the conference “Carrefour des littératures européennes” on October 19, 1989, not published
  • Gilles Rozier: The Medem-Bibliotek: The Yiddish library of Paris in: "Shofar. An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies" Ed. Purdue University Jewish Studies Program, West Lafayette (Indiana) Fall 1996, Vol. 14., No. 3
  • Gilles Rozier: chap. La bibliothèque Medem et sa mission culturelle in: La Culture yiddish aujourd'hui Bibliothèque Medem, Paris 2004 ISBN 2952010706
  • Juliette Ostier: Le yiddish aujourd'hui: regain d'intérêt, identités et imaginaires linguistiques diploma thesis, University of Sorbonne, Paris 2003
  • Eva Johanna Mangold: Yiddish and Jewish in Paris. La Maison de la Culture Yiddish diploma thesis, University of Vienna 2004

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 14.5 "  N , 2 ° 21 ′ 32.3"  E