Perez deer leg

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Esther and Perez Hirschbein (first and third from left)

Perez Hirschbein (born November 7, 1880 in Kleszczele , Grodno Governorate , Russian Empire ; † August 16, 1948 in Los Angeles ) was a Yiddish playwright and poet, who is particularly remembered for his symbolist-mystical dramas, which are on all important Jewish stages of the world have been successfully performed.

Life

Perez Hirschbein was born the son of a poor miller and grew up in the seclusion of his native town. He learned Hebrew and the Talmud by the age of 20 , then went to Vilnius , joined the Poale-Zionist movement and published songs and essays in Hebrew magazines.

In 1905 he published his first realistic drama in Hebrew in the Vilnius magazine Ha-zeman : Mirjam, which was also published in Yiddish in 1906. As a result, his style and preferred language changed: From this point on he wrote a large number of symbolist dramas, mostly in Yiddish, which earned him the nickname of Jewish Maeterlinck . Since 1904, Yiddish performances were again allowed in Russia , which had been banned for various reasons in 1883.

In order to contribute to the elevation of the Jewish stage, he organized an acting troupe in Odessa from the beginning of 1908 , which performed the plays by Asch , Pinski , Gordin and Scholem Alechem in addition to his own , but already in 1910 during a tour of Poland and Russia - mainly due to material problems, the literary standard was too high for the general public - broke up again.

Some time later he wrote his popular popular play Die puste Kretschme, which was successfully performed several times and became an important repertoire piece for the famous Vilna troupe , which had formed in 1916 under German occupation.

At the end of 1911 Perez Hirschbein emigrated to America and tried his hand at first as a farmer in the New York Catskills, as he did some time later in Argentina . In the United States, however, his dramas were not performed until 1918 ( Maurice Schwartz ' Yiddish Art Theater ), apart from more private circles, but then met with resounding success.

Perez Hirschbein also wrote children's stories and travelogues, which he wrote on his many hikes through America, Canada , Argentina , Brazil , Africa , Europe , Australia and New Zealand .

He was married to the poet Esther Schumjatscher, who also accompanied him on his long journeys around the world.

Works (selection)

Publication or date of origin known

  • Mirjam, 1905 (realistic drama; Hebrew)
  • Af those sajt tajch, 1906 ("Beyond the River", drama)
  • Di erd, 1907 (drama)
  • The tkiess kaf, 1907 ("Contract", drama)
  • Afn schejdweg, 1907 (drama; published in the anthology Vun Weg zu Weg , Warsaw 1911)
  • Di goldene kejt, 1908
  • Bam breg ("Am Ufer", drama; published in the anthology Vun Weg zu Weg , Warsaw 1911)
  • The last (drama; published in the anthology Vun Weg zu Weg , Warsaw 1911)
  • Di pusste kretschme, 1912 (drama)
  • A farworfen winkel, 1912 (comedy; again the topic of free choice of partner)
  • Di grine fields, 1916 (drama)
  • The Schmids techter, ca.1918 (drama)
  • Di newele, ca.1924 (drama)
  • Iber Amerike, ca. 1925
  • Fun wajte lender, around 1925
  • Arum der welt, 1927 (further travel descriptions)
  • Erez Jissroel, 1929 (travel description)
  • Majne kinderjorn, 1934
  • The first melech in Jissroel, 1934
  • Rojte fields, 1935 (novel)

Without year or not determined

  • A lebn far a lebn (drama)
  • Ba dem brejtn away (drama)
  • Dawn (drama)
  • The child of the world (drama)
  • The Intelegent (Drama)
  • Single world (drama)
  • Joel (drama)
  • Kworem Flowers (Drama)
  • Majßelech (children's stories)
  • Schedem wejßn eß (drama)
  • Fern morgnschtern (narration)
  • Fun majn album (poems in prose)
  • Wajte un noente (drama)
  • Wanderer Trojmen (poems in prose)
  • Wi doß lebn fargejt (drama)
  • In the finßter (drama)
  • Between tog and night (drama)

Translations

Complete and collective editions

  • Collected Works, five volumes, 1916
  • Dramot, Warsaw 1922 (selected dramas, translated into Hebrew by Hirschbein himself)
  • Windmühlen, collection of his later dramas, without a year

Literature / sources

  • Mokdani, in: Der Strahl II, 1910.
  • Salman Reisen , Lekßikon fun der Yidischer literature un presse. Warsaw 1914.
  • I. Entin, in: Future , 1916.
  • I. Entin, in: Future , 1921.
  • B. Gorin: History of fun Yiddish theater. Vol. II, New York 1923.
  • Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography. Vol. III, Orient Printer, Chernivtsi 1928 (additions in ibid., Vol. VII, Tipografia ARTA, Chernivtsi 1936).
  • Samuel Meisels : Hirschbein, Perez. In: Georg Herlitz (Hrsg.): Jüdisches Lexikon . Vol. II, Jewish publishing house, Berlin 1927.
  • Literary Bleter 230 ff., 1932.
  • John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 .
  • Sol Liptzin: A History of Yiddish Literature. New York 1972.
  • Günter Stemberger : History of Jewish Literature. 1977.

Web links

Individual references / footnotes

  1. ↑ According to Salomon Wininger geb. on November 26, 1881.
  2. ↑ "The abandoned tavern": An abandoned tavern, which is haunted, serves as the scene of a young couple's struggle against tradition and superstition and for a love marriage against the parents' marriage agreements to the contrary.
  3. ^ A b Travel descriptions of his second journey (1925) through Argentina and Brazil.
  4. ↑ Biblical tragedy about King Saul , at the same time Hirschbein's return to a more realistic style.
  5. ↑ Hirschbein describes the attempt to establish collective Jewish landscaping in the Crimea after the October Revolution .
  6. ↑ Published by the Literary-Dramatic Society, then translated into Hebrew, Russian, German and English.
  7. ↑ Translated into Hebrew, Russian, English and German.
personal data
SURNAME Hirschbein, Perez
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Yiddish writer
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleszczele
DATE OF DEATH August 16, 1948
Place of death los Angeles