Hake
| Hake | ||||||||||||
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European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Merlucciidae | ||||||||||||
| Gill , 1884 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Merluccius | ||||||||||||
| Rafinesque , 1810 |
The hake ( Merluccius ) are a genus and family in the order of the cod-like (Gadiformes). Hake are caught as food fish .
features
The body shape is slim, the head conspicuously pointed. The first dorsal fin is short while the second dorsal fin and anal fin are long. The second dorsal fin and the anal fin are divided into two sections by an indentation. The black color of their mouth and gill cavity and tongue is characteristic of hake ; they are up to 1.30 m long. The body color is silvery gray. In contrast to their relatives in the cod family , hake do not have goatee. The mouth is large and terminal and has long fangs. The palatine bone is edentulous, the ploughshare dentate. Pyloric tubes are missing.
- Fins formula : dorsal I viii – xiii, dorsal II 34–46, anal 35–46, ventral 7.
- Scale formula : SL 101–171.
- Branchiostegal rays : 7.
- Vertebra: 48-58.
Habitats
Hake live in large parts of the Atlantic . Merluccius merluccius is found mainly in the South Atlantic and almost all of the Mediterranean ; rarer in the North Sea . Furthermore, hake can be found in the South Pacific ( Merluccius gayi ), off the coasts of South Africa ( Merluccius capensis ), off the coast of North America ( Merluccius bilinearis ) and off the coast of Argentina and Uruguay ( Merluccius hubbsi ). However, the black hake of the Antarctic seas is not related to the hake.
nutrition
Hake are fish-eaters that feed primarily on herring , mackerel , sprats and sardines .
Consequences of fishing
As edible fish, hake is also fished by commercial fishing. Other animals, including dolphins, get tangled in the nets used. The nets used to catch hake are seen as the cause of the deaths of over 1,000 dolphins off the French coast during the first quarter of 2019.
Systematics
There are 15 types:
- Merluccius albidus ( Mitchill , 1818) .
- Merluccius angustimanus Garman , 1899
- Southern hake ( Merluccius australis ( Hutton , 1872) )
- Silver pike or North American hake ( Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814) )
- Cape hake ( Merluccius capensis Castelnau , 1861 )
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Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848)
- Merluccius gayi gayi (Guichenot, 1848)
- Merluccius gayi peruanus Ginsburg, 1954
- Merluccius hernandezi Mathews, 1985
- Argentine hake ( Merluccius hubbsi Marini , 1933 )
- Hake or European hake ( Merluccius merluccius ( Linnaeus , 1758) )
- Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960
- Patagonian hake ( Merluccius patagonicus Lloris & Matallanas, 2003 )
- Merluccius polli Cadenat , 1950
- Pacific hake or North Pacific hake ( Merluccius productus ( Ayres , 1855) )
- Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat , 1950
- Merluccius tasmanicus Matallanas & Lloris, 2006
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 .
- D. Lloris, J. Matallanas, P. Oliver: Hakes of the world (Family Merlucciidae). An annotated and illustrated catalog of hake species known to date. FAO Catalog for Fishery Purposes. No. 2nd FAO Rome 2005. ( PDF )
Web links
- Hake on Fishbase.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ In France, mutilated dolphins drive en masse. Retrieved April 8, 2019 .