Michael Marullus

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The poet soldier by Sandro Botticelli , around 1496

Michael Tarchaniota Marullus (Greek Μαρούλης Marúlēs ; * around 1458 probably in Constantinople ; † April 12, 1500 in Volterra ) was a humanistic scholar, Latin poet and soldier of Greek origin.

Life

The life story of Marullus is largely in the dark. Most likely he was born in Constantinople. Before the Ottoman expansion in the 1460s, he fled with his parents to Ragusa in Dalmatia , where he spent his childhood. From there the family moved on to Italy . There Marullus traveled from city to city as a writer of Latin poetry and an ardent advocate of a crusade against the Ottomans . In order to free his subjugated fatherland from dictatorship, he wanted to take up arms and joined the king of France when he was planning a crusade. Through his poetry, Marullus came into contact with a large number of influential personalities of his time, including popes, kings and members of the Medici family . In Florence he married the learned Alessandra Scala. On April 12, 1500, he drowned his horse in the Cecina River near Volterra.

Carol Kidwell sketches in the biography of Marullus the spectacular life of a poet-soldier who travels through exotic countries, wrote poems on the edges of the Black Sea and participated in a campaign by Vlad III. Drăculea (Dracula) takes part. Karl Enenkel examines the manipulative strategies in Marullus' “autobiographical” poems. Enenkel takes the view that Marullus was probably not born in Constantinople, but only after the city was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 .

Works

Marullus wrote a rich collection of epigrams in four books. His best love poems were imitated by Pierre de Ronsard and others. There is also a collection of hymns , the Hymni naturales , in which he celebrates the ancient Olympic pantheon , as well as a collection by Neniae . His Institutiones principales , a prince mirror , remained unfinished. In his works, Marullus is indebted to ancient models such as Virgil as well as humanistic poets and scholars such as Petrarch . Angelo Poliziano's sexual interpretation of the Catullian passer , which he discussed with Giovanni Pontano , he rejected. Neo-Platonic ideas are particularly evident in the hymns. As an admirer of the Roman poet-philosopher Lucretius , he suggested some valuable emendations that are also taken into account in modern text-critical editions.

The first edition of the Hymni et Epigrammata appeared in Florence in 1497, another edition in Bologna in 1504. Beatus Rhenanus got an edition that was printed in Strasbourg in 1509.

Editions and translations

Poems

  • Alessandro Perosa (Ed.): Michaelis Marulli carmina . Thesaurus Mundi, Zurich 1951 (critical edition)
  • Charles Fantazzi (Ed.): Michael Marullus: Poems (= The I Tatti Renaissance Library , Volume 54). Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) 2012, ISBN 978-0-674-05506-3 (Latin text and English translation)
  • Jacques Chomarat (ed.): Michel Marulle: Hymnes naturels. Droz, Genève 1995, ISBN 2-600-00082-8 (critical edition with commentary)
  • Christine Harrauer (Ed.): Cosmos and Myth. The world hymns of God and the mythological hymns of Michael Marullus (text, translation and commentary) (= Wiener Studien , supplement 21). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7001-2154-7
  • Nikolaus Thurn (ed.): Three Neapolitan humanists on love: Antonius Panormita, "Hermaphroditus"; Ioannes Pontanus, “De amore coniugali”; Michael Marullus, "Hymni naturales" (= Itinera classica , Vol. 3). Scripta Mercaturae, St. Katharinen 2002, ISBN 3-89590-133-4 .
  • Otto Schönberger (Ed.): Michael Marullus: Hymni Naturales. First complete German translation. Introduction, text, translation and notes. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1996, ISBN 3-8260-1186-4 ( limited preview in the Google book search).

Institutiones

  • Otto Schönberger (Ed.): Michael Marullus: Institutiones Principales. Upbringing. Latin text, introduction, first translation and notes. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1997, ISBN 3-8260-1316-6

literature

  • Graziella Corsinovi: Affinità e suggestioni petrarchesche negli Epigrammata di Michele Marullo. In: Studi di Filologia e Letteratura 2-3, 1975, pp. 155-173.
  • Benedetto Croce : Michele Marullo Tarcaniota: le elegie per la patria perduta ed altri suoi carmi. Bari 1938.
  • Carol Kidwell: Marullus, Soldier Poet of the Renaissance. Duckworth, London 1989.
  • Walther Ludwig : Ancient Gods and Christian Faith - The "Hymni naturales" by Marullo (= reports from the meetings of the Joachim Jungius Society of Sciences , vol. 10, issue 2). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1992, ISBN 3-525-86257-1 (Reviews: Jürgen Blänsdorf : Arcadia 29, 1994, pp. 199–202; Fidel Rädle : Anzeiger für die Altertumswwissenschaft 47, 1994, Sp. 109–111)
  • Eckard Lefèvre , Eckart Schäfer (eds.): Michael Marullus. A Greek as a Renaissance poet in Italy (= NeoLatina , vol. 15). Narr, Tübingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-8233-6435-1 ( Review by Werner JCM Gelderblom, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2009.09.70)
  • Antonio Piras: La querelle entre Marulle et Politien sur trois passages catulliens. In: Revue des Études Latines . Vol. 82, 2004, pp. 32-35.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marullo Tarcaniota, Michele. Retrieved February 3, 2018 (Italian).
  2. ^ Karl Enenkel : The Invention of Man: The Autobiography of Early Modern Humanism from Petrarch to Lipsius . Berlin 2008, pp. 368-428.
personal data
SURNAME Marullus, Michael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marullus, Michael Tarchaniota
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Latin poet
DATE OF BIRTH around 1458
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Constantinople
DATE OF DEATH April 12, 1500
Place of death Volterra