Mikhail Eremets

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Mikhail Eremets

Mikhail Ivanovich Eremets , (born January 3, 1949 in the Pinsk region ) is a Belarusian physicist . He is known for high-pressure experiments and the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in lanthanum hydride and other extraordinary properties of matter at high pressure.

biography

Eremets studied physics at the Moscow Institute of Physical Engineering (MEPhI) and received his doctorate in 1978 from the Moscow Institute of General Physics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . Then he was at the Institute for High Pressure Physics of the Academy of Sciences in Troitsk , where he became head of the High Pressure Physics department. From 1991 he worked abroad, including at the University of Paris VI, the National Institute for Materials Research in Tokyo, at the University of Osaka, at the Geophysics Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, DC and at the Clarendon Laboratory in Oxford . From 2001 he has been at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz , where he heads the high-pressure chemistry and physics group.

plant

In 2019, in Leipzig, he succeeded in generating record pressures of 440 giga - pascals with special diamond anvil cells , which exceeds the pressure inside the earth of a maximum of 360 giga-pascals.

In particular, he investigates hydrogen-containing materials under high pressure and was able to show that the melting curve of hydrogen reaches a maximum, which is an indication of the transition to a quantum liquid at low temperatures. It is assumed that hydrogen turns into a metal at very high pressure, as in the interior of the large planets, and ultimately into a superconductor at even higher pressure (possibly also at room temperature). In 2009 he was able to demonstrate the superconductivity of silanes at high pressure, hydrogen-rich materials, which thus also provide information on the behavior of hydrogen. With the pressures of over 400 Giga-Pascal achieved in his laboratory, he also expects the long-sought proof of the metallicity of hydrogen at high pressure.

In 2019, he demonstrated a transition temperature for superconductivity of lanthanum hydride at high pressure (170 Giga-Pascal) of 250 degrees Kelvin, the highest transition temperature recorded so far. The material has a clathrate- like structure with the lanthanum in the center of a cage made of hydrogen atoms. With the proof, he exceeded his previous record (2015) of 203 K for the transition temperature to superconductivity of hydrogen sulfide at around 100 Giga-Pascal.

He and his group convert molecular nitrogen into a polymer at high pressure , with covalent bonds between all atoms. The material is as hard as diamond and has the highest energy content of all known chemical substances.

In 2009 he showed that sodium becomes transparent at high pressure.

Honors

In 2016 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Leipzig , in 2015 the Ugo Fano Medal of the RICMASS in Rome and in 2017 the Bridgman Award . In 2011 he received an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council . For 2020, Eremets was awarded the James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials by the American Physical Society .

Fonts (selection)

Except for the works cited in the footnotes.

  • High pressure experimental methods, Oxford UP 1996
  • with K. Shimizu u. a .: Superconductivity in oxygen, Nature, Volume 393, 1998, pp. 767-769.
  • with others: Metallic CsI at Pressures of up to 220 Gigapascals, Science, Volume 281, 1998, pp. 1333-1335.
  • with others: Superconductivity in boron, Science, Volume 293, 2001, pp. 272-274.
  • with others: Semiconducting non-molecular nitrogen up to 240 GPa and its low-pressure stability, Nature, Volume 411, 2001, pp. 170-174.
  • with VV Struzhkin u. a .: Superconductivity in Dense Lithium, Science, Volume 298, 2002, pp. 1213-1215.
  • with others: Single-bonded cubic form of nitrogen, Nature Materials, Volume 3, 2004, pp. 558-563.
  • with S. Medvedev a. a .: Electronic and magnetic phase diagram of b-Fe1: 01Se with superconductivity at 36.7 K under pressure, Nature Materials, Volume 8, 2009, pp 630-633.
  • with IA Troyan: Conductive dense hydrogen, Nature Materials, Volume 10, 2011, pp. 927-931.
  • with T. Palasyuk a. a .: Ammonia as a case study for the spontaneous ionization of a simple hydrogen-bonded compound, Nature Communications, Volume 5, 2014, p. 3460.
  • with M. Einaga a. a .: Crystal Structure of 200 K-Superconducting Phase of Sulfur Hydride, Nature Physics, Volume 12, 2016, pp. 835-838.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brief biography at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
  2. ↑ Eremets et al. a .: Superconductivity in Hydrogen Dominant Materials: Silane, Science, Volume 319, 2008, pp. 1506-1509
  3. ↑ AP Drozdov, PP Kong, VS Minkov, SP Besedin, MA Kuzovnikov, S. Mozaffari, L. Balicas, FF Balakirev, DE Graf, VB Prakapenka, E. Greenberg, DA Knyazev, M. Tkacz and MI Eremets: Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures, Nature, Volume 569, 2019, pp. 528-531, abstract
  4. ↑ AP Drozdov, MI Eremets, IA Troyan, V. Ksenofontov, SI Shylin: Conventional superconductivity at 203 K at high pressures, Nature, Volume 525, 2015, pp. 73-76, abstract
  5. ↑ Y. Ma, Eremets et al. a .: Transparent Dense Sodium, Nature, Volume 458, 2009, pp. 182-185.
personal data
SURNAME Eremets, Mikhail
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Eremets, Mikhail Ivanovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Belarusian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 3, 1949
PLACE OF BIRTH Pinsk region