Mir Arab Madrasa

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Mir-Arab Madrasa

The Mir-Arab-Madrasa or Medrese Mir-e Arab ( Russian Медресе Мир Араб ; scientific transliteration Medrese Mir Arab ) is a madrasa (spiritual educational institution) in Bukhara in Uzbekistan , which was completed in 1536 and the most important after its reopening in 1945 Islamic educational institution of the Soviet Union .

location

The madrasa is located in the historic center of Bukhara and is part of the Poi Kalon building complex , which is located southeast of the Ark Citadel . It is to the east of the Kalon Mosque and is opposed to it in accordance with the Kosch principle . As the square slopes down to the east, the madrasa is built on a raised platform to maintain symmetry.

On the south side of the square between the madrasa and the mosque are the Kalon minaret and the Emir Alim Khan madrasa .

history

The madrasa on a postage stamp of the Bukhara People's Republic (1924)

Little is known about the origins of the school. Her edification is attributed to Sheikh Abdullah Yamani of Yemen, the spiritual mentor of the early Sheibanids , also known as Mir-i Arab . The Sheikh had a great influence on Ubaidullah Khan (r. 1533-1539), the son of Sultan Mahmud. The construction of the madrasa was completed in late 1535 or early 1536. Both Ubaidullah Khan and Sheikh Abdullah Yamani were buried here.

After teaching ceased in the early 1920s, the madrasa reopened in 1945. During the Soviet era, the leading Islamic clergymen Rawil Gainutdin , Talgat Tajuddin , Nafigulla Ashirov , Ismail Aliyevich Berdyev and Akhmat Abdulchamidovich Kadyrov received their training here. Also allahshukur pashazadeh and Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf studied and worked here. The founder of modern Tajik literature, Sadriddin Aini , also visited this madrasah.

description

The main facade of the Mir-Arab-Madrasa has a central pishtak with iwan . Instead of the usual rectangular floor plan of the entrance ivan, this madrasa is a 5/8 octagon. On both sides of the Pischtak there are three axes of two-storey pointed arch arcades with entrances to the students' living cells. A three-quarter-round corner tower, which ends with the upper edge of the arcades, closes the facade off from the outside.

The madrasa is 73 meters long and 55 meters wide and has an inner courtyard measuring 33 × 37 meters. The madrasa is built according to the four-iwan scheme : two pishtaks with iwans stand in pairs in the middle of the sides of the inner courtyard. There are 114 living cells in total for students.

On both sides of the entrance there is a high room with a drum and dome : on the right (in the south) a classroom and on the left (in the north) a grave room with the cenotaph of Ubaidullah Khan and the grave of Sheikh Abdullah Yamani. Only the foyer of the madrasa is accessible to visitors, but you can also come into the tomb on request.

  • Main facade

  • Pishtak

  • Cell access

  • dome

  • patio

literature

  • Ashirbek Muminov et al.ii .: "Islamic education in Soviet and post-Soviet Uzbekistan" in Michael Kemper, Raoul Motika and Stefan Reichmuth (eds.): Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States . Routledge, London, 2010. pp. 223-279.
  • Galina Yemelianova: "Russia's Umma and its Mufties", Religion, State & Society , Vol. 31, No. 2, 2003 (online at: biblicalstudies.org.uk ; PDF; 679 kB)
  • Klaus Pander: Medrese Mir-e Arab . In: Central Asia . 5th updated edition. DuMont Reiseverlag , 2004, ISBN 3-7701-3680-2 , chapter Bukhara, the noble , p. 156 (DuMont art travel guide).
  • Bradley Mayhew, Greg Bloom, John Noble, Dean Starnes: Kalon Minaret and around . In: Central Asia . 5th edition. Lonely Planet , 2010, ISBN 978-1-74179-148-8 , chapter Bukhara , p. 261 .

Web links

Commons : Mir-i Arab Madrasa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Videos

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Muminov et alii: Islamic education in Uzbekistan . 2010, p. 250 f.
  2. ↑ Miri-Arab-Medrese, Bukhara. In: www.advantour.com. Retrieved November 27, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Dmitriy Page: Mir-i Arab madrasah. In: www.wk2005.de. Retrieved November 27, 2016 .
  4. ^ Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, p. 156
  5. ↑ a b c d Pander: Zentralasien , 2004, p. 157
  6. ↑ Cf. Roman A. Silantjew : Islam w sowremennoj Rossii, enziklopedija . Algoritm, Moscow, 2008. pp. 156-168.
  7. ↑ Глава Управления мусульман Кавказа отмечает 60-летний юбилей. In: www.trend.az. Retrieved November 27, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Gotthard Strohmaier : The Aristotelian logic at the Miri Arab madrasah based on the “memories” of Aini. In: Gotthard Strohmaier: From Democritus to Dante . Preserving ancient heritage in Arab culture. Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 1996 (= Olms Studies. Volume 43), pp. 358–362.
  9. ↑ The Madrasa Miri Arab. In: www.doca-tours.com. Retrieved November 27, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Mir-i-Arab Medressa. In: www.lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved November 27, 2016 .
Mir-Arab-Madrasa (alternative names of the lemma)
Mir-Arab madrassah; Mir-i Arab Madrasah; Mir Arab Madrasa; Mir-i-Arab Madrasa; Madrasa Mir-i Arab; Miri-Arab madrasah; Madrasa Mir-i Arab; Mir-i Arab madrasa; Miri Arab Madrasa; Mir-i-Arab madrasah; Медресе Мири Араб; Madrasah Miri Arab

Coordinates: 39 ° 46 ′ 33.9 ″  N , 64 ° 24 ′ 56.9 ″  E