Sadriddin Aini

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sadriddin Aini (born April 15 . Jul / 27. April  1878 greg. In Saktara , Emirate of Bukhara ; † 15. July 1954 in Stalinabad , Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , Tajik Садриддин Айнӣ , Persian صدرالدين عينى, DMG Ṣadr ad-Dīn-e ʿAynī , Ṣadreddīn-i 'Ainī ), also known as Sadriddin Ayni or Sadriddin Ajni , was a Tajik intellectual who was a diverse poet, writer, journalist, historiographer and lexicographer. He is considered the founder of modern Tajik literature, is widely regarded as the national poet of Tajikistan and one of the most important writers in the country's history.

Sadriddin Aini on a USSR postage stamp on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 1958

Life

Sadriddin Aini was born in 1878 in a farmer's hut in the village of Saktara, which at that time belonged to the Emirate of Bukhara (today Soktari, Gʻijduvon district , Buxoro province , Uzbekistan ). At the age of twelve he became an orphan and moved to his older brother in Bukhara, where he attended the Madrasa Mir-e Arab from 1890 and learned Arabic script and studied Aristotelian logic (this was one of the textbooks used in the 13th century wrote sunlike letters on the basics of the logic of Nağmaddīn ʿAlī ʿUmar al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, an adaptation of the logic from Avicenna's Book of Recovery ).

In the early 1920s, Aini helped propagate the Russian Revolution in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In 1934 he joined the Soviet Authors' Congress as the Tajik representative. By encoding his national identity in his writings, he was able to deceive the Soviet censors who oppressed many intellectuals in Central Asia. Aini survived the waves of Soviet purges and with it Josef Stalin by a year.

He sat for over 20 years as a member of the Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan, received the Order of Lenin three times and was the first president of the Scientific Academy of the Tajik Soviet Republic. After 1992, his writings helped reconstruct the Tajik nationalism that survived after the collapse of the Soviet Union .

Sadriddin Aini revived Tajik literature in his homeland, which was banned during the emirate, by publishing Dochunda ( Дохунда ) in 1927 , the first novel to appear in the Tajik language. His main work is the four-volume memoir (Tajik Ёддошт Jо , Joddoschtho ; the first two volumes also in German as Bukhara , after the title of the Russian translation Бухара ).

Sadriddin Aini on the Tajik 5- somoni banknote issued in 1999

His early poems were about love and nature, but after the national awakening in Tajikistan, his subject shifted to modernity and the working class. His writings often criticized the Emir of Bukhara, Said Alim Khan . The death of usury ( Margi sudchur ) was published in German in 1966 by the Berlin publishing house Kultur und Progress .

effect

A mausoleum was built in Dushanbe in honor of Aini . The settlement of Aini (previously Sachmatabad ) and the surrounding district of the same name on the Serafshan River in today's Tajik province (Wilojat) Sughd have been named after him since 1955 . The Tajik Academic Opera and Ballet House and Sadriddin-Aini-Platz bear his name . His portrait is featured on the Tajik 5- somoni banknote issued in 1999 . In Samarkand , Uzbekistan , the Sadriddin Aini Museum is dedicated to the life and work of the intellectual.

Works

  • John R. Perry, Rachel Lehr (translation from Tajik and introduction): The Sands of Oxus: Boyhood Reminiscences of Sadriddin Aini. (Bibliotheca Iranica: Literature Series no.6) Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa (California) 1998, ISBN 978-1568590783 (autobiography of the seven to twelve year old)

literature

  • Harri Jünger : Sadriddin Aini and the exploration of Soviet literature in its multinationality . (On the 100th birthday of S. Aini) In: Contributions to Central Asian Studies. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 1983, pp. 45–59.

Web links

Commons : Sadriddin Aini  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gotthard Strohmaier : The Aristotelian logic at the Miri Arab madrasah based on the “memories” of Aini. In: Gotthard Strohmaier: From Democritus to Dante . Preserving ancient heritage in Arab culture. Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 1996 (= Olms Studies. Volume 43), pp. 358–362.
  2. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier: Avicenna. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-41946-1 , p. 134.
  3. ↑ Article Tajik Opera and Ballet House in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D108424~2a%3DTajik%20Opera-%20und%20Balletthaus~2b%3DTajikisches%20Opern-%20und%20Balletthaus
personal data
SURNAME Aini, Sadriddin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ayni, Sadriddin; Ajni, Sadriddin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tajik poet, writer, journalist and nationalist
DATE OF BIRTH April 27, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Saktara , Emirate of Bukhara
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1954
Place of death Stalinabad , Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , USSR