Mississauga (people)
The Mississauga , Massassauga or Mississaga are a Native American tribe of the Algonquian - language family from the region north of Lake Ontario in Canada . Culturally and historically, the Mississauga belong to the tribal group of the Anishinabe , in which different dialects were spoken and to which the Ojibwe or Chippewa, Saulteaux , Potawatomi , Odawa (Ottawa) , Algonkin , Nipissing and Oji-Cree (Severn Ojibwa) also belong. The name Mississauga is an Algonquin word and basically means: Those who live at the wide estuary . What is meant is the mouth of the Mississagi River in Lake Huron . The current name of the tribe is Mississisauga First Nation and the majority of the members inhabit various reservations in Ontario.
Residential area and migration
The Mississauga lived together with the other tribes of the Anishinabe in small groups in an extensive territory stretching from what is now Ottawa in the east to the prairies in the west and from Hudson Bay in the north to the Ohio River valley and the upper Mississippi in the south extended. In the summer months they gathered in larger groups to hunt, hold ceremonies or even to campaign against common enemies. The Mississauga lived on the banks of the river of the same name, the name of which means river with many mouths . However, it is unclear where the name comes from, from which there are numerous different spellings, such as Mississagi, Mississaugue or Miszhagiing. The early explorers like Samuel de Champlain and the French Jesuits met them on the Mississauga River in the mid-17th century.
There are oral traditions that tell of three phases of migration in the Mississauga. First there was a mass migration of the entire Anishinabe from the Atlantic coast to the west. The second wave of migration occurred between 1634 and 1638 and led from the area south of Lake Superior , from Red Lake and Sandy Lake , to the Mississauga River. The third migration occurred around 1700 and 1701 as a result of the wars against the Iroquois , when they were driven from southern Ontario by the victorious Anishinabe. The Mississauga occupied the country and defended it against attacks by the Mohawks .
history
When the first French explorers reached the Great Lakes area of North America around 1534, the Mississauga lived along the Mississagi River and on Manitoulin Island . On a 1675 French map, the Mississauga were referred to as the Missakingdachirinouek . They had meanwhile moved south from the Mississagi River to the Kawartha Lakes area. From here a smaller group migrated south-west to the Credit River and came to the region where today's city of Toronto is located. The French referred to the newcomers as Mississauga.
Between 1700 and 1720, the Mississauga were found on the north coast of Lake Ontario . During the American Civil War , the British began to acquire vast areas of what is now southern Ontario for immigrating English loyalists from the Mississauga. It was an attempt by the British Crown to give loyal British donations of land to leave New England and settle in Canada. The first land purchase was in 1781, and by 1800 the tribe was left with a small piece of land between Etobicoke Creek and Burlington Bay.
Around 1805 the British began negotiations to buy the last remaining piece of land from the Mississauga. In August 1805, the British took over the area where the city of Mississauga would later develop. In exchange, the Indians received a strip of land one mile long on both sides of the Credit River, as well as additional areas on both sides of the Twelve and Sixteen Mile Creeks. Around 1847, the last Mississauga left the Credit River to move to the Six Nations reservation. In the end they had handed over a total of almost 1,000 km² of tribal area to the British. In 2003, the Indian Ministry in Canada promised to pay the Mississauga fair compensation for the loss of land through the so-called Toronto Purchase Treaty of 1805. Allegedly, the Indians who now live on a 24 km² reservation west of Toronto received only ten shillings from the sale.
Todays situation
Today there are six Mississauga First Nations in Canada, all of which can be found in southern Ontario. The relatives live here partly within and partly outside of the reservations assigned to them. These are:
- Mississauga First Nation - Mississagi River Reserve Aug.
- Alderville First Nation - Alderville First Nation Reserve, Sugar Island Reserve 37A
- Mississauga of the New Credit First Nation - New Credit Reserve 40A
- Curve Lake First Nation - Curve Lake First Nation Reserve 35, Curve Lake Reserve 35A, and Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A
- Hiawatha First Nation - Hiawatha First Nation Indian Reserve, Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A
- Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation - Mississaugas of Scugog Island Reserve, First Nation Indian Reserve, Islands in the Trent Waters Indian Reserve 36A
The Mississaugas of the New Credit are among the largest First Nation within the Mississauga, with around 2,330 people in 2015.
See also
literature
- Bruce G. Trigger (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Vol. 15: Northeast, Chapter: Southeastern Ojibwa, p. 769. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1978. ISBN 0-16004-575-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek
- ↑ a b Heritage Mississauga. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 5, 2016 ; accessed on September 21, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mississaugas. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 23, 2016 ; accessed on September 21, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Compensation. Retrieved September 21, 2016 .
- ^ Mississaugas of the New Credit. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 21, 2016 ; accessed on September 21, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
