Mohamed Ennaceur

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Mohamed Ennaceur (2016)

Mohamed Ennaceur ( Arabic محمد الناصر, DMG Muḥammad al-Nāṣir ; * March 21, 1934 in El Djem ) is a Tunisian politician of the secular Nidaa Tounes party , of which he has been chairman since December 31, 2014. Since December 4, 2014 he has been President of the People's Representative Assembly . After Beji Caid Essebsi's death , Ennaceur became the interim President of the Republic of Tunisia from July 25, 2019 to October 23, 2019 . Under President Habib Bourguiba and again after the revolution in Tunisia in 2010/2011 , Ennaceur worked as minister of social affairs and held various administrative and diplomatic posts.

Family and education

Ennaceur studied until his law degree in 1956 at the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Tunis and obtained a licentiate in social law from the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne in 1976 . His dissertation, published in 1976, deals with the international labor organization and the development of social law in Tunisia and Libya. From 1986 he published magazine articles on labor, social and development issues. Ennaceur worked as a lawyer from 1977 to 1979. He is married and has five children.

Professional and political career

Offices under Presidents Bourguiba and Ben Ali

Ennaceur began his career in the Tunisian Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (1957-1959) and worked from 1959 for the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, until 1961 as a cabinet attaché, then as head of the cabinet , until 1964 he was head of department in the Ministry of Social Affairs. From 1967 to 1972 he was Director General of the Office for Vocational Training and Employment.

1972/73 Ennaceur was Governor of Sousse and from June to December 1973 Commissioner General for Employment and Vocational Training. From 1974 to 1977 and 1979 to 1985 he was minister of social affairs in the Tunisian government under the authoritarian founding president of the country Habib Bourguiba. Ennaceur worked as a lawyer between 1977 and 1979 and was admitted to the Tunis Bar Association in 1997.

In addition, Ennaceur held several political offices. From 1963 to 1972 and 1979/80 Ennaceur was mayor of his native town. From 1974 to 1979 and 1981 to 1985 he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies . He was also a member of the Central Committee in the 1970s and 1980s, and from 1980 to 1986 also the Politburo of the ruling party of Tunisia. After Ben Ali took over the presidency of Bourguiba in 1987, Ennaceur largely withdrew from day-to-day politics.

Institutional and civil society work

Ennaceur served in a number of roles in national and international organizations. In 1963/64 he was a member of the Executive Council of UNICEF and later other organizations and missions of the United Nations and was, among other things, President of the World Employment Conference in Geneva in 1976 in the International Labor Organization. From 1980 to 1985 he was in the executive office of the social ministers of the Arab League , the Coordination Office of the International Labor Organization for the Non-Aligned States and the Tunisian Delegation in the Social Policy Commission of the Organization for African Unity . From 1985 to 1991 he was President of the Tunisian Economic and Social Council (Conseil Economique et Social de Tunisie).

From 1985 Ennaceur was the founding director of the Tunisian Social Rights Association (Association Tunisienne de Droit Social) and the associated magazine Revue Tunisienne de Droit Social. In addition to other memberships, he is a member of the International Society for Labor Law and Social Security , temporarily as Vice President. He was also founding president of the international symphonic music festival in El Djem (Festival International de Musique Symphonique d'El Jem, 1986–1991) and of the Tunisian Institute for Social Audit (Institut de l'Audit Social de Tunisie, 2002).

From 1991 to 1996 Ennaceur was the permanent representative of Tunisia to the United Nations Office and its specialized agencies in Geneva. From 2000 Ennaceur worked in the social audit area and internationally as a private consultant, from 2005 as coordinator for the United Nations Global Compact in Tunisia.

Return to politics after the revolution

After the overthrow of the autocrat Ben Ali , Ennaceur was reappointed Minister of Social Affairs, first in the Ghannouchi II government after a cabinet reshuffle on January 27, 2011, which still included some pre-revolutionary incumbents. He declared that after the revolution, the various forces in the country, in addition to the political elite, civil society actors and organizations, would have to live up to their historical responsibility and put aside their differences and conflicts of interest in favor of the common good, which was in line with the idea of national dialogue . Ennaceur was taken over in the same position in the following Essebsi cabinet on March 7, 2011 , the first Tunisian government without direct continuity to the previous leadership, which was headed by Prime Minister Beji Caid Essebsi . Like Ennaceur, he held various offices before the revolution, but kept his distance from the regime, especially under Ben Ali. According to Jeune Afrique , he succeeded in relieving tensions among the trade unions through clever negotiations. After the election to the Constituent Assembly in October 2011, Ennaceur ended his work as minister with the Essebsi interim government on December 24, 2011. In the Constituent Assembly, which lasted until 2014, the moderate Islamists of the Ennahda supported most of the governments as the strongest party.

In February 2014, Ennaceur joined the Nidaa Tounes party founded by Essebsi , which saw itself as a gathering movement of secular forces and as a counterweight to Ennahda. He became its vice-president after the party had presented him as head of government in December 2013 in the event of an election victory. When Essebsis took office as President of Tunisia on December 31, 2014, Ennaceur took over from him the chairmanship of the Nidaa Tounes party, which he held until July 2019.

President of Parliament and Interim President

The first regular democratic parliamentary election in Tunisia on October 26, 2014 won Nidaa Tounes as the strongest party with 86 seats in front of the moderate Islamists of the Ennahda with 69 seats, so that Nidaa Tounes was entitled to the office of parliamentary president. On December 4, 2014, Ennaceur, who was considered a confidante of Essebsis, was elected President of the People's Assembly. He was the only candidate to receive 176 votes from the 214 parliamentarians present. Since he was also elected by the members of the Ennahda, Ennaceur was considered a candidate for consensus and set himself the goal of unifying in this office.

A few hours after the death of the incumbent President Beji Caid Essebsi on July 25, 2019, Ennaceur became the interim president in his capacity as President of Parliament in accordance with Article 84 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia , who will serve for a minimum of 45 and a maximum of 90 days. The prescribed procedure was bypassed because the responsible constitutional court does not yet exist. It was controversial among jurists whether the appointment process would then go to the People's Representative Assembly or to the Instance provisoire chargée du contrôle de la constitutionnalité des projets de lois (IPCCPL) (provisional predecessor of the Constitutional Court). Ennaceur himself announced his appointment as interim president after the People's Representative Assembly met in the presence of Prime Minister Youssef Chahed . Ennaceur appealed to the population to show unity and affirmed the continuity of state institutions. He was sworn in late that afternoon.

The electoral commission moved the date of the presidential election scheduled for November 17, 2019, to September 15, so that Ennaceur could be replaced by a regularly elected president within the 90-day period. On October 23, 2019, Kaïs Saïed took over the office of President.

Awards and reception

Ennaceur has received a number of awards. In addition to several Tunisian orders, he has received orders of merit and honors from Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Ivory Coast, Great Britain and Germany.

The orientalist Rory McCarthy sees Ennaceur's career as exemplary for the administrative elite from the Tunisian Sahel . According to Jeune Afrique , Ennaceur is considered discreet and thoughtful. He was one of the main actors in “embryonic” civil society during the time of Presidents Bourguiba and Ben Ali and gave Tunisia a face in its many international activities.

literature

Web links

Commons : Mohamed Ennaceur  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ↑ All information in the article comes from: Ennaceur (Mohammed) , unless otherwise stated . In: Who's Who in the Arab World 2007–2008. Saur, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-598-07735-1 , p. 288 ; Mohamed Ennaceur, ancien ministre. In: Leaders.com.tn , November 25, 2009; M. Mohamed Ennaceur, nouveau ministre des affaires sociales. In: Leaders.com.tn , January 29, 2011.
  2. ^ Frida Dahmani: Mohamed Ennaceur… pour eux, c'est lui. In: Jeune Afrique , December 8, 2014.
  3. ↑ In the original: "la classe politique, les acteurs économiques et sociaux, les composantes de la société civile et l'élite du pays n'ont pas d'autre choix que de dépasser les divergences idéologiques et partisanes, les conflits d'intérêt, pour construire un avenir commun et se hisser on level de leur responsabilité historique ”. Quoted from Frida Dahmani: Tunisie: trois mots sur la carrière de Mohamed Ennaceur, nouveau président de l'Assemblée. In: Jeune Afrique , December 4, 2014.
  4. ^ Frida Dahmani: Mohamed Ennaceur… pour eux, c'est lui. In: Jeune Afrique , December 8, 2014.
  5. ^ Frida Dahmani: Tunisie: trois mots sur la carrière de Mohamed Ennaceur, nouveau président de l'Assemblée. In: Jeune Afrique , December 4, 2014.
  6. ↑ Ennaceur succède à Caïd Essebsi à la tête de Nidaa Tounes. In: Kapitalis.com , December 31, 2014.
  7. ↑ Mohamed Ennaceur, de Nidaa Tounes, élu président de l'Assemblée des représentants du peuple. In: Jeune Afrique , December 4, 2014.
  8. ^ Frida Dahmani: Mohamed Ennaceur… pour eux, c'est lui. In: Jeune Afrique , December 8, 2014.
  9. ↑ Après de décès de Béji Caid Essebsi, Mohamed Ennaceur président de la république par intérim. In: Kapitalis.com , July 25, 2019; The Latest: UN chief says Tunisian leader a 'pivotal figure'. In: The Washington Post , July 25, 2019.
  10. ↑ Nessim Ben Gharbia: Tunisie: après le président du décès Beji Caid Essebsi, le calendrier électoral perturbé? In: Jeune Afrique , July 25, 2019; Interim president Ennaceur sworn in as Tunisia plans Essebsi funeral. In: Africa Times , July 25, 2019.
  11. ^ Rory McCarthy: Inside Tunisia's al-Nahda: Between Politics and Preaching. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 2018, p. 180, end note 21 (preview) .
  12. ^ Frida Dahmani: Mohamed Ennaceur… pour eux, c'est lui. In: Jeune Afrique , December 8, 2014; Frida Dahmani: Tunisie: trois mots sur la carrière de Mohamed Ennaceur, nouveau président de l'Assemblée. In: Jeune Afrique , December 4, 2014.
personal data
SURNAME Ennaceur, Mohamed
ALTERNATIVE NAMES محمد الناصر (Arabic); Ennaceur, Mohammed (variant)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tunisian politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 21, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH El Djem