Montaner zone milk ling
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Montaner zone milkling ( Lactarius zonarioides ) |
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| Lactarius zonarioides | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The Montane zone Milchling ( Lactarius zonarioides ) is a mushroom art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a medium to large milkling with a vivid ocher yellow to orange brown colored and zoned hat. The hot-tasting and inedible Milchling grows in mountain conifer forests under spruce and fir trees , the fruiting bodies appear between September and October. It is also called the Spruce Zone or Fuchsiger Milchling .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 3–13 cm wide, arched flat when young, then spread out and depressed in the middle and later deepened in a funnel shape. The edge remains curved for a long time. The hat surface is smooth, sticky to slimy and shiny in older specimens. Usually the hat is clearly zoned and colored warm ocher yellow to orange brown and sometimes zoned clay brown to cream colored. The hat can fade a bit with age.
The lamellas have grown broad or run down slightly. They are quite narrow to medium-wide and are rather crowded. They are often forked near the handle. The young pale cream-colored lamellae are later colored pale reddish-ocher, the spore powder is also ocher-yellow to reddish-ocher.
The cylindrical or slightly tapered stalk is 2–10 cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide. The surface is smooth and dry. When young, the stalk is whitish to pale cream-colored and frosted, later it is light ocher and sometimes spotted yellow-brown. The inside of the stem is initially full and later stuffed or chambered and hollow.
The white, firm flesh smells fruity and tastes very hot after a few moments. It may be faintly red in the cut, but after one to two hours it becomes light gray (with an olive gray tint). The white, largely unchangeable milk flows in abundance and dries in an olive-gray color. The taste is very sharp after a while.
Microscopic features
The almost round to elliptical spores are on average 8.9–9.2 µm long and 7.0–7.6 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.5–0.75 (1) µm high and consists of numerous, elongated warts and ribs, which are strung like pearl chains, but are only sparsely connected in a network and never form a complete network. The hillock is inamyloid .
The rarely 2 and mostly 4-spore, cylindrical to slightly clubbed basidia are 40–52 (70) µm long and 11–13 µm wide. The 35–50 µm long and 4–6 µm wide pleuromacrocystids are spindle-shaped and common. The tip is often like a pearl necklace or forked. Numerous paracystids and a few cheilomacrocystids sit on the sterile lamellar edge . The approximately cylindrical to club-shaped paracystids are 10–15 (20) µm long and 5–8 µm wide, the spindle-shaped cheilomacrocystids are 25–32 µm long and 3–6 µm wide, the tip is often constricted like a pearl necklace.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is an ixocutis , which consists of more or less parallel, 1-4 µm wide, gelatinized hyphae .
Species delimitation
The Montane Zone Milkling differs microscopically from the Pale Zone Milkling ( L. evosmus ) and the Beautiful Zone Milkling ( L. zonarius ) by the clearly larger spores. It can also be found in the mountain coniferous forest, while the other two are deciduous forest species. The spore ornament is similar to that of the cross-veined milkling ( L. acerrimus ), which can be easily distinguished on the basis of the cross-veined lamellae and the two-pored basidia. The larch irritant ( L. porninsis ), which is also found in the mountain coniferous forest , can look similar, but has a mild milk and grows under larches.
ecology
The Montane Zonen-Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is associated with spruce and fir trees. It likes to grow in mountain conifer forests, which have a pronounced herb layer. The Milchling likes fresh, even more nutrient-rich soils, which can be differently saturated with bases. The fruiting bodies appear solitary or gregarious between August and September.
distribution
The species is quite common in Fennoscandinavia, in Central Europe the Milchling mostly only occurs in the mountainous region. In Germany the Montane Zonen-Milchling is rare, in Austria and Switzerland it is scattered to widespread, but not common.
Systematics
The Montane Zonen-Milchling was re-described in 1954 by Kühner and Romagnesi as Lactarius zonarioides . The species is synonymous with Lactarius insulsus in the sense of G. Bresadola , L. bresadolanus Sing. Or L. bresadolianus (incorrect spelling) and L. zonarius in the sense of Konrad and Maublanc .
According to Heilmann-Clausen, Fries Lactarius insulsus (Fr, Fr.) Fr. could also refer to this species. Since this name was interpreted very differently in the past, it should be regarded as a " nomen dubium " and no longer used.
Inquiry systematics
The Montane Zonen-Milchling is placed by Basso, Bon and Heilmann-Clausen in the Zonarii subsection , which is in the Zonarii section of the same name ( Piperites section near Bon). The representatives of the subsection have more or less zoned hats that are greasy to slimy and colored whitish, yellowish, ocher-brown or orange-brown. The white, more or less unchanging milk tastes hot.
meaning
The hot-tasting Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
swell
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Synonyms of Lactarius zonarioides. Kühner & Romagn., Fl. Analyte. Champ. Great. (Paris): 474 (1953). In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved June 3, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. 1998, p. 132-33 .
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 122.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. 1998, p. 271-73 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius zonarioides. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 28, 2016 ; Retrieved June 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved June 3, 2012 .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed June 3, 2012 .
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 330, 358 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius zonarioides. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved October 17, 2012 (English, photos and original description).
- Lactarius zonarioides. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on October 17, 2012 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Montanen Zonen-Milchling).