Pale zone Milchling
| Pale zone Milchling | ||||||||||||
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Pale zone milkling ( Lactarius evosmus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius evosmus | ||||||||||||
| Kühner & Romagn. |
The pale zone milkling ( Lactarius evosmus ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized to large milkling with a pronounced sour-fruity smell and a more or less ocher-zoned hat on a pale yellow background. The hot and inedible milkling is mycorrhizal partner of various deciduous trees, it often grows in oaks and ( trembling ) poplars . The fruiting bodies appear between July and October. The Milchling is also called Whitish Zone Milchling , Fragrant Milchling or Sharp Poplar Milchling .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 6.5–12 cm wide, initially arched, then depressed and with a rolled, hairless rim, later increasingly funnel-shaped deepened. The edge remains curved for a long time and is often bent in a wavy manner. The surface of the hat is smooth and at most finely wrinkled, dry, dull and slightly frosted, more or less sticky and silky shiny when moist. The hat is often indistinctly ocher or ocher-gray on a pale yellow or cream-colored background. The edge is paler and densely zoned, the center is often darker yellow to ocher red in color.
The young whitish, later brownish-ocher colored and reddish tinted lamellae have grown broadly on the stem or sometimes run down with a tooth. They are fairly broad and dense, and near the stem they can be easily connected across veins. The lamellae can sometimes have yellowish-brown spots on old or bruised fruit bodies. The spore powder is pink-ocher brown.
The cylindrical or somewhat compressed, but never pitted stem is 2.5–5.5 cm long and 1.5–2.5 cm wide and sometimes tapered slightly towards the base. The smooth surface is dry and frosted along its entire length. When young, the stem is whitish to pale yellow or cream-colored, with age it becomes blotchy ocher-colored, clay-brown, yellowish-brown or cinnamon-colored, but the tip remains more or less whitish and sometimes surrounds the stem tip like a collar.
The whitish to pale gray-brown flesh is quite firm and unchangeable when cut. After a while it tastes very hot and has a distinctly sour, fruity or apple-like smell. The watery white, unchangeable milk flows quite abundantly and tastes very hot after a short time and later burns on the tongue.
Microscopic features
The elliptical spores are on average 7.1–8.0 µm long and 5.3–6.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.2–1.4. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 (0.8) µm high and consists of ridges and irregular, elongated warts, which never form a complete network, but are usually arranged in a somewhat zebra-like manner. The hillock is completely or at least in the outer area amyloid .
The slightly clubbed, predominantly 4-spore basidia are 50–60 µm long and 10–12 µm wide. The inconspicuous, spindle-shaped and not very numerous pleuromacrocystids are often deeply embedded in the hymenium and therefore difficult to find. They measure 25–35 × 4–6 µm. The lamellar cutting edge is sterile and covered with 10–15 (20) µm long and 5–9 µm wide, almost spherical paracystids and numerous cheilomacrocystids. These are 25–40 µm long and 3–6 µm wide, spindle-shaped to awl-shaped and often twisted. The tip is more or less constricted like a pearl necklace.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is an ixocutis , which consists of more or less parallel lying (1) 2-5 µm wide, gelatinized hyphae , between which individual lactifera lie. The ends of the hyphae have a rounded tip.
Species delimitation
The beautiful zone milkling ( L. zonarius , syn. L. insulsus ) looks very similar to this species and is also found in comparable locations. In the field, one can distinguish the two species in that the pale zone milkling has a paler and less clearly zoned hat, the stem never becomes hollow, the flesh does not turn pink and has a distinctly fruity to apple-like smell.
Microscopically it differs from the beautiful zone milkling through the somewhat thicker layer of mucus of the hat skin, the more elongated spores, the zebra-like and more network-like ornamented spores and the partially amyloid hilarity. The spores of the beautiful zone milkling are rounder and usually have isolated warts and short ridges that are hardly connected in a network and only have a slightly distinctive, zebra-like pattern. In addition, the pleuromacrocystids are rarer in the pale zone Milchling and never protrude, while the pseudocystidia often protrude and wear a mucous cap. The Cheilomakrozystiden are more common than in the beautiful zone Milchling and the Paracystiden are shorter and wider and almost spherical.
Another similar species is the cross-veined milkling , which, as its name suggests, has clearly cross-veined lamellae near the stem, a weaker odor and only 2-spore basidia. In addition, apart from the easily distinguishable pink-angular milkling ( L. controversus ), the pale zone Milchling is the only species in the section that grows near poplars or willows.
ecology
The pale zone milkling occurs singly to gregarious in various deciduous and mixed forests. You can find it in different forms of the native beech and hornbeam oak forests, more rarely in parks and on the edges of forest paths. Like all Milchlinge, it is a mycorrhizal fungus that is associated with various deciduous trees. Often oak and poplar serve as hosts. But it can also enter into a symbiotic relationship with beech, hornbeam or willow. The fungus likes fresh to moist, base-rich, heavy and loamy soils. You can find it from the lowlands to the mountains, the fruiting bodies appear from July to October.
distribution
The pale zone Milchling has been detected in North America (USA, Mexico), North Asia (Japan), North Africa (Morocco) and Europe.
In Germany, the Milchling is very scattered to rare and generally endangered (RL3 Germany). The distribution has not yet been sufficiently clarified, but the Milchling has been detected in all of Western, Central and Northern Europe. How widespread it is in Eastern and Southern Europe is still fairly unclear.
Systematics
The species was first described by Kühner and Romagnesi in 1953 Lactarius evosmus . Many authors (e.g. Neuhoff, Korhonen, Phillips) use the name Lactarius zonarius when they speak of the pale zone milkling, but the name L. zonarius today denotes the beautiful zone milkling, for which the synonym L. insulsus is partially is still in use.
Inquiry systematics
The Pale Zone Milchling is placed by Basso, Bon and Heilmann-Clausen in the Zonarii subsection , which is in the Zonarii section of the same name ( Piperites section near Bon). The representatives of the subsection have more or less greasy to slimy, zoned hats that are whitish, yellowish, ocher-brown or orange in color. The white, more or less unchanging milk tastes hot. The hat skin is an ixotrichoderm or an ixocutis.
meaning
As a hot-tasting Milchling, the mushroom is considered inedible.
literature
Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 403.
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 126-128 .
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 60.
- ↑ Lactarius evosmus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 13, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius evosmus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved September 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 289 ( online [accessed January 9, 2012]).
- ^ Lactarius evosmus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 3, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 330, 342 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius evosmus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius evosmus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).
- Lactarius evosmus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 (Italian, good photos of the Pale Zone Milchling). }
- Lactarius evosmus. In: pilzseite.de. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 (photos of the Pale Zone Milchling).