Monuron

Structural formula
General
Surname	Monuron
other names	3- (4-chlorophenyl) -1,1-dimethylurea N ′ - (4-chlorophenyl) - N , N -dimethylurea
Molecular formula	C 9 H 11 ClN 2 O
Brief description	gray / white odorless solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 150-68-5 140-41-0 (trichloroacetate salt) PubChem 8800 Wikidata Q6406955
properties
Molar mass	198.65 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.27 g cm −3
Melting point	170.5-171.5 ° C
solubility	very sparingly soluble in water (0.23 g l −1 at 20 ° C) Slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone and other polar organic solvents
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary Caution H and P phrases H: 351-302-410 P: 273-280-501
Toxicological data	1050 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral ) 2500 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rabbit ,  transdermal )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Monuron is a chemical compound from the group of phenylureas .

Extraction and presentation

Monuron can be obtained by reacting p -chlorophenyl isocyanate with dimethylamine .

properties

Monuron is a gray-white, odorless, non-volatile, hardly flammable solid that is very sparingly soluble in water. It is hydrolyzed by acids and alkalis.

use

Monuron is used as a herbicide and as an accelerator in the manufacture of epoxy resins . The effect as a herbicide is based on the inhibition of electron transport in photosystem II . It was marketed as a herbicide by DuPont from 1951 .

In 2002 the substance was not included in the list of plant protection active ingredients approved in the European Union . Plant protection products with the active ingredient Monuron are not permitted in any EU country, not even in Switzerland. However, it has been used in the past e.g. B. sold as a herbicide in Denmark from 1956 to 1977.

safety instructions

Monuron is classified in category 3 (EC) of substances that give cause for concern because of their possible carcinogenic effects in humans.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Entry on Monuron in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Datasheet Monuron (PDF; 218 kB) from Gischem.
3. ↑ Entry on Monuron in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
4. ^ Entry on Monuron in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed March 6, 2013.
5. ^ Terence Robert Roberts, DH Hutson: Metabolic pathways of agrochemicals, Volume 2 . Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1999, ISBN 978-0-85404-499-3 , pp. 764 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
6. ↑ David A. Hounshell, John Kenly Smith: Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R and D, 1902-1980 . Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 978-0-521-32767-1 , pp. 455 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
7. ^ Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Monuron in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on February 24, 2016.
8. ↑ Academic note on the results of the 2019 mass screening (Danish), accessed on March 17, 2020