Moskvich-402

Moskvich
Restored Moskvich-402 at a Finnish motor show (2010)
Moskvich-402
Sales designation:	Москвич-402 Москвич-423
Production period:	1956-1958 1957-1958
Class :	Lower middle class
Body versions :	Limousine , station wagon
Engines:	Otto engine : 1.2 liters (26 kW)
Length:	4055 mm
Width:	1540 mm
Height:	1560 mm
Wheelbase :	2370 mm
Empty weight :	980-1015 kg
Previous model	Moskvich-400
successor	Moskvich-407

The Moskvich-402 ( russian Москвич-402 ) is a passenger of the Soviet manufacturer Moskovsky Zavod Malolitraschnych Awtomobilej (Russian Московский завод малолитражных автомобилей shortly MZMA or Russian МЗМА, known by the use of the brand name Moskvich ), who built 1956-1958 in series has been. It was the successor to the Moskvich-400 and received a completely new body and a more powerful engine.

Under the designation Moskvich-423 (Russian Москвич-423) a version as a station wagon was built from 1957 to 1958, with the Moskvich-410 there was also a version as an off-road vehicle.

Vehicle history

Moskvich-402 in a Finnish museum (2008)

Moskvich-423N , the outwardly almost unchanged successor of the Moskvich-423 with a more powerful engine, in Moscow (2008)

Front view of a Moskvich 402 in Budapest . The distinctive radiator grille and the lack of the Moskvich lettering above the radiator grille, which was added to the Moskvich-407 model in 1958, are clearly visible

Moskvich-402 in a Moscow museum, next to it a Moskvich-410 (2016)

The first developments with regard to a possible successor to the Moskvich-400 already existed in 1950. Under the designation Moskvich-402-425 , a first prototype was completed in mid-1951. In contrast to the previous types, the second number in the type designation was dispensed with in series production. Smaller changes to vehicles with the same body were indicated by appended letters (e.g. Moskvich-402T for a taxi), larger changes by their own model numbers (e.g. Moskvich-423 for the station wagon). During the development period, various foreign vehicles were purchased and studied more closely, including the Citroën 2CV , a Ford Consul , a Fiat 1100 , a Lancia Aurelia and a German Ford Taunus 12M . A total of seven prototypes were built that differed in their body shape. The reason for this was also that they wanted to find shapes for the presses in Gorkowski Avtomobilny Sawod that were cheap to manufacture. As there were no corresponding test tracks, the vehicles were tested on public roads. In February 1955, one of the cars was presented to the public at an exhibition.

The first car from the new series production was completed on April 20, 1956, and production of the predecessor was then discontinued. Series production of the Moskvich-423 station wagon began in 1957. Compared to the Moskvich-400, the new vehicle was significantly more spacious and, with 35 hp, also better motorized. More modern seats were installed for the driver and front passenger that could be folded back, as well as hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers and a heater. The latter could also direct the warm air to the windshield to prevent fogging. An automatic turn signal reset was built in as standard, as was a radio, and the on-board electrical system was changed from 6 to 12 V.

The manufacturing capacities of the MZMA plant in Moscow were limited. Therefore, various parts such as the gearbox and rear axle had to be taken over from the predecessor unchanged and the sheet metal parts had to be supplied from Gorky. There was no currency for a new production line to be able to buy machines abroad. The engine was a drilled out and further developed version of the engine from the predecessor, only in the successor Moskvich-407 a new, more powerful four-cylinder was installed.

In May 1958, production was stopped in favor of the successor. A total of 87,658 copies were built.

Model variants

Various versions of the Moskvich-402 were built, but not all models went into series production.

Series vehicles

• Moskvich-402 - basic model with sedan body, built from April 1956 to May 1958.
• Moskvich-402B - Like the basic version, but all control elements have been converted so that they are suitable for people with physical disabilities.
• Moskvich-402M - For transporting medical personnel and materials, for example to make home visits to patients.
• Moskvich-402T - model, specially equipped and painted as a taxi .
• Moskvich-410 - version of the vehicle with a sedan body, but with an all- terrain chassis and all-wheel drive .
• Moskvich-423 - Version built from 1957 to 1958 as a four-door station wagon.

Prototypes

• Moskvich-429 - prototype of a closed van. It was never mass-produced; only the successors had such models ex works.
• Moskvich-A9 - prototype of a minibus . The vehicle had similarities with models from the Rischskaya Avtobusnaja Fabrika and had a payload of 500 kg. It used the chassis of the Moskvich-402. The prototype was later sold to a body shop in Moscow, where it was used in regular traffic, for example for company outings.

Technical specifications

For the Moskvich-402 sedan , if known.

• Engine: four-cylinder gasoline engine
• Power: 35 HP (26 kW) at 4200 min ^-1
• Displacement: 1220 cm³
• Fuel: petrol with at least 72  octane
• Consumption: 9 l / 100 km
• Gearbox: manual three-speed gearbox with reverse gear
• Top speed: 105 km / h
• Acceleration: from 0 to 80 km / h in 28.5 s
• Drive formula : 4 × 2 (rear wheel drive)

measures and weight

• Length: 4055 mm
• Width: 1540 mm
• Height: 1560 mm
• Wheelbase: 2370 mm
• Front and rear track: 1220 mm
• Tire dimension: 5.60-15 ″
• Boot space: 340 l
• Empty weight: 980 kg (combination: 1015 kg)
• Payload for the combination version: 250 kg

literature

• LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. Second part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1994, ISBN 5-87483-006-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} L. M. Shugurow: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. Second part, p. 32 ff.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Information on the Moskvich-402 on denisoviet.ru (Russian)
3. ↑ Overview of all vehicles manufactured by Moskvich as well as further information on the individual types on denisovets.ru (Russian)

Web links

Commons : Moskvich-402  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files