Sinabung

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Sinabung
Sinabung, Sumatra

Sinabung, Sumatra

height 2460  m
location Sumatra ( Indonesia )
Coordinates 3 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 98 ° 23 ′ 30 ″  E Coordinates: 3 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 98 ° 23 ′ 30 ″  E
Sinabung (Indonesia)
Sinabung
Type Stratovolcano
Last eruption August 2020

The Sinabung ( Indonesian Gunung Sinabung ) is a volcano in the north of the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Sumatra Utara province near the city of Berastagi , 25 km northwest of Lake Toba and about 50 km southwest of Medan . The eruption of Sinabung on August 29, 2010 was the first known known eruption in approximately 400 years. Since then, the volcano has erupted several times, most recently on August 8, 2020.

geology

The in Pleistocene and Holocene resulting stratovolcano has many on its flanks lava flows on. The mountain peak has an elongated shape, as earlier eruptions formed several summit craters along a line running roughly in a north-south direction. The crater of the volcano, formed in 2010 from andesite and dacite , is located at the southern end of the summit crater complex.

Volcanic activity

Date of recording before 1920

In 1912 solfataras were observed in the area of ​​the summit and the upper flanks.

2010

More than 18,000 people fled or were brought to safety following an outbreak in August 2010. A second eruption increased the number of refugees to 27,000. Volcanic ash reached the megacity of Medan. In a third eruption on September 3, the most violent since the new eruption, the volcano hurled an ash fountain several kilometers high into the atmosphere. The accompanying earthquake could still be felt 8 km away.

2013

On the morning of September 15, 2013, the Sinabung broke out again. By September 18, four eruptions had occurred. Thousands of people were evacuated from a total of eleven villages within a radius of three kilometers. When another outbreak occurred on the morning of November 3, a seven-kilometer column of smoke could be observed. A zone of three kilometers around the volcano has been evacuated. On November 14, 2013, a pyroclastic current flowed down the southeast flank of the volcano. On November 18, 2013, after an explosion, an ash cloud was ejected, which rose to a height of up to 11.3 kilometers. On the night of November 23-24, 2013, there were further eruptions, as a result of which the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Protection issued the highest warning level. Tens of thousands of residents have been evacuated.

2014

The series of outbreaks continues in 2014. More than 50 outbreaks were observed on January 4th. The safety zone around the volcano has been expanded from five to seven kilometers. On the night of January 14th, numerous volcanic flashes were observed in the clouds of the pyroclastic flows. This phenomenon is relatively rare and often only occurs with much stronger volcanic eruptions. The ashes caused the crops to wither in the fields. Numerous house roofs collapsed under the weight of the volcanic ash. The village of Sigarang Garang was particularly hard hit . A larger outbreak broke out on February 1, claiming 16 deaths among local residents. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. In October 2014 it broke out again several times. In the meantime, the region around the volcano has been covered with a layer of ash.

2015

From June 13, 2015, new eruptions with one to two kilometers high eruption columns (plumes) are reported. The evacuation measures were therefore either maintained or renewed.

2016

Sinabung eruption on June 9, 2019

Another outbreak occurred on May 22, 2016, killing seven people who were illegally staying in the exclusion zone. They were hit by a hot ash and debris avalanche.

2017

Since a high ash column formed over the volcano on October 25, 2017, the authorities declared a 7 km radius to be a restricted area. Thousands of people fled. From December 26th, the volcano again spewed ash. The gray ash cloud rose to a height of 4600 meters.

2018

The long series of outbreaks continued on January 11, 2018. The volcano spat ash and formed a column of smoke over a kilometer high. The eruption was accompanied by tremors lasting just under 5 minutes. Another eruption on February 19, 2018 caused a five-kilometer-high ash cloud. Nobody got hurt.

2019

In 2019, there was a strong eruption on June 9, during which the volcanic ash reached a height of 12.2 km. This also resulted in pyroclastic currents 3 to 3.5 km long, which flowed south and south-east.

2020

The volcano erupted on August 8, 2020, and an ash column rose four kilometers into the sky. On August 10, 2020, the column reached a height of seven kilometers. Another eruption occurred on August 23, 2020, with the ash column rising more than a kilometer into the air.

tourism

Climbs often start from Kabanjahe and Pematang Siantar .

See also

Web links

Commons : Mount Sinabung  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Indonesia volcano Sinabung in deadly eruption. BBC News, February 1, 2014, accessed February 1, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Sumatra: volcanic eruption drives thousands to flight. In: Der Spiegel. August 29, 2010. Retrieved November 24, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Another eruption of the Sinabung volcano. In: Der Standard , August 30, 2010
  4. ↑ Sumatra: Sinabung volcano again spews ash and smoke. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 3, 2010
  5. ↑ Gunung Sinabung Meletus, Basarnas Terus Evakuasi Warga. ( Memento of 21 September 2013 Internet Archive ) In: Kini.co . September 17, 2013 (Indonesian).
  6. ↑ Thousands flee as Mt. Sinabung erupts. In: The Jakarta Post . September 15, 2013, accessed September 20, 2013.
  7. ↑ a b c fear of volcanic eruption. Indonesians flee from Mount Sinabung. In: Spiegel Online. November 24, 2013, accessed August 10, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Series of volcanic eruptions. In: nzz.ch. January 5, 2014, accessed January 8, 2014 .
  9. ^ Sinabung: pyroclastic flows. February 13, 2014, accessed February 20, 2014 .
  10. ↑ a b Indonesia: Thousands flee from Sinabung volcano. In: orf.at , October 25, 2017, accessed on August 10, 2020.
  11. ↑ Sumatra - Many dead in volcanic eruption. In: spiegel.de . February 1, 2014, accessed August 10, 2020.
  12. ↑ Sinabung-Ascheregen meets tourist destination on Sumatra ( Memento from October 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Stern.de , October 9, 2014.
  13. ↑ Sinabung in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
  14. ↑ Tagesschau report as of May 22, 2016, 11:17 a.m.
  15. ↑ Indonesia's Sinabung volcano ejects towering column of ash. In: msn.com . August 10, 2020, accessed August 10, 2020.
  16. ↑ Ash rain on Indonesia. In: srf.ch . December 28, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  17. ↑ Sinabung volcano in Indonesia spews ash. In: welt.de. January 11, 2018, accessed January 19, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Ash cloud rises five kilometers. In: SPIEGEL Online. February 19, 2018, accessed February 19, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Marc Szeglat: Sinabung erupts volcanic ash. In: vulkane.net . June 10, 2019, accessed August 10, 2020.
  20. ↑ Sinabung volcano erupted in Indonesia. In: orf.at . August 10, 2020, accessed August 10, 2020.
  21. ↑ Indonesia's Sinabung volcano spews new burst of hot ash. Associated Press, August 23, 2020, accessed August 23, 2020 .