Murschida
Murschida ( Arabic مرشدة, DMG Muršida 'spiritual teacher', also Mourchida in the Francophone area ) is the name for a woman who, among other things, also performs most of the duties of an imam . In contrast to an imam, however, a murschida generally does not lead public prayer . However, there are also examples of female imams who lead Friday prayers.
activities
Possible tasks for a Murschida can be the spiritual counseling of women, leading the prayer (see below), teaching the Koran for women and children or the washing of dead women.
There is currently a controversy among Muslims as to whether and under what circumstances women are allowed to work as imams. Three out of four Sunni law schools , but also many Shiite law schools, are of the opinion that women are only allowed to lead purely women's groups in prayer; the Malikite law school alone does not generally allow women to lead in prayer. As a rule, reference is made to a hadith from the collection of Saheeh Muslim : "The best row for the men in prayer is the first row and the worst is the last. The best row for the women in prayer is the last and the worst is the first row. " However, to lead mixed-sex prayer, the woman would need to stand in front of the front row of men. On the other hand there is the Hadith Sunan Abi Dawud 592 and a story from Muhammad ibn Saʿd's biographies of Muhammad, his companions and the later bearers of Islam up to the year 230 of the flight over Umm Waraqa bint Abdallah, which Mohammed himself directed the prayer in theirs Budget should have been commissioned. There are different interpretations as to whether she only instructed women or also men. The ordination of women is not addressed in the Koran itself.
distribution
In most areas women are therefore only common as prayer leaders and pastors for women-only groups. In some places, especially in northeast China, there are women's mosques of their own , and their leaders are called Shiniang . Even in Copenhagen's Mariam Mosque, which only has female imams, Friday prayer is only accessible to women. Since 2005 there has been a state program for the training of Murschidas in Morocco , and there are also said to be a number of female imams or Murschidas in Turkey .
In several western countries in Europe and America , women are increasingly assuming the duties of imams. In New York City, for example, a woman, Amina Wadud , led a Friday prayer for believers of both sexes in 2005 .
See also
literature
- Fritz Schaap : A woman of God. Morocco is the first country in Africa to train murschidas: female imams . In: Publik-Forum, No. 16, 2016, 32–34.
- Liberal currents in Islam. Muslim community has women as Imam, http://www.n-tv.de/panorama/Muslimische-Gemeinde-hat-Frau-als-Imam-article14428461.html
Individual evidence
- ↑ Morocco's Muslim women leaders in US combat extremism. In: AlArabiya.net . May 30, 2009, accessed December 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Richard Hamilton: Islam's pioneering women preachers. In: BBC News . February 25, 2007, accessed December 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Harriet Sherwood: Women lead Friday prayers at Denmark's first female-run mosque. In: The Guardian . August 26, 2016, accessed December 2, 2016 .
- ↑ BBC: Iranian women to lead prayers
- ↑ Hadith Sahih Muslim 440 a on sunnah.com
- ↑ Abu at-Tayyib Adhimabadi: On the Imaamate of Women in Prayer. Retrieved June 28, 2017 (English).
- ↑ On Women Action As Imam - Hadith 592, Sunan Abi Dawud on sunnah.com
- ↑ Agence France-Presse : Women-led mosque opens in Denmark. In: The Guardian. February 12, 2016, accessed December 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Ute Brucker: The Murschida by Rabat Samira Marzouk. A woman teaches the Koran (tagesschau.de archive); tagesschau.de, article from June 7, 2006.
- ^ Hina Azam: Women-led prayer controversy. A critique of the argument for woman-led Friday prayers ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; on: altmuslim.com, article from March 18, 2005.
