Muley el Hassán ben el Mehdi
Muley el Hassán ben el Mehdi (born August 1, 1912 in Fès ; † 1984 ), also Su Alteza Imperial (SAI) el Jalifa , was the second and last Jalifa (Caliph) of the Protectorate of Spanish Morocco .
Life
Muley el Hassán ben el Mehdi was the son of Muley el Mehdi Ismael Alaoui († 1923), who was Jalifa from 1913 to 1923.
Regency
After the Battle of Annual on July 22, 1921, El Mehdi Ben Ismail, the first Jalifa, died in 1923 and his son Hassán Ben Alaoui became the second Jalifa. Under the later High Commissioner Primo der Rivera , the territory was first largely cleared by Spanish troops.
El Hassán ascended the throne in Tétouan in 1925 . On August 18, 1926, he founded the Wissam al-Mehdawi , an order . This became an essential colonial order of the Francoist Spain. The order has the shape of a hexagram , is enameled in light and dark blue, in its center is a golden sun rising from a green lake. 1927 was the initiator of the contact poison operation, Alfons XIII. , a guest at Hassan’s.
On June 1, 1949, Hassán married Princess Lalla Fatima Zohra (June 13, 1926 Tangier - September 15, 2003), the only daughter of Abd al-Aziz . The sultan was Hassan's cousin. At the wedding, Franco presented a check for a million pesetas . In August 1953, the French government put Joseph Laniel , Mohammed V. (Morocco) in French Morocco for two years and sat instead, his uncle Sidi Mohammed ben Arafa one as Sultan. Three days after the installation of Sidi Mohammed ben Arafa as Sultan, the High Commissioner of Spanish Morocco, Rafael García Valiño y Marcén (March 1951 to April 7, 1956) received the Grand Cross of the Hassani Order from Mulai el-Hassan ben el-Mehdi hand over. For December 18, 1953, the proclamation of a sovereign Spanish-Morocco had been agreed between Hassán and Franco, the French government asserted to the Harry S. Truman government that with a sovereign Spanish-Morocco, France would no longer be responsible for the reliability of its Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian colonial troops on the fronts of Indochina could guarantee, whereupon independence was not proclaimed. In 1955 his 30th anniversary of the throne was celebrated with a set of stamps and a scientific institute.
In 1956 Morocco gained independence and Hassán was sent to London as ambassador . He was then ambassador to Rome and the couple returned to Morocco in the 1960s.
National history during the reign
From February 1913 the protectorate area was occupied with 50,000 Spanish soldiers under the orders of the first high commissioner Felipe Alfau Mendoza. First Tétouan was occupied and the first Jalifa was installed, the representative of the Sultan of French Morocco .
In Morocco, the Mannesmann brothers owned property, which was about an eighth of the value of the territory. The Spanish justified the incomplete occupation of the protectorate area during the First World War with the fact that a war with other powers in Europe was to be avoided. During the Rif War from 1921 to 1927 , combined French-Spanish forces threw lost bombs according to a contamination strategy developed by Hugo Stoltzenberg . At the same time, the fertile areas of French Morocco were occupied by 325,000 French soldiers under Philippe Pétain in order to starve the Rif Republic . This unpopular, personnel-intensive strategy in France led to changes in defense legislation and in July-August 1925 the occupation of the Ruhr by French troops was ended.
On May 1, 1931, the workers of Morocco demonstrated and demanded the same rights as the Spaniards, 800 Moroccan citizens sent a letter to the President of the Second Republic , Niceto Alcalá Zamora , asking for equality in all aspects with the Spanish citizens. The Second Republic then, like France in Algeria and French Morocco, the Jews in Spanish Morocco granted Spanish citizenship and on April 5, 1934 Ifni was occupied. On June 14, 1940, the High Commissioner Luis Orgaz Yoldi occupied the International Zone of Tangier and in November 1940 Tangier was incorporated into the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco.
Title Jalifa
Jalifa, the Spanish transcription of the Arabic term خليفة , was meant to represent the representative or governor of the Alawid Sultan who resided in Rabat in French Morocco . In the system of protectorates both the fiction presented the sovereignty of the Moroccan institutions. The function of the Jalifa was mainly symbolic, he signed the dictated orders of the Spanish High Commissioner and was designed by the Spanish authorities accompanied .
Individual evidence
- ↑ OFENSIVA , 10 de Noviembre de 1949, El Jalifa celebra el aniversario de su exaltación al trono (PDF; 1.7 MB)
- ^ Alejandro del Valle, Jesús Verdú España y Marruecos p. 80
- ↑ La Medina ORDER DE LA MEDHAUIA
- ↑ A new state . In: Der Spiegel . No. 6 , 1954 ( online - Feb. 3, 1954 ).
- ↑ La Medina 2005 EXPOSICIÓN "EL JALIFA Y SU ÉPOCA" ( Memento of December 11, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The Daily Telegraph 21 Oct 2003 Princess Lalla Fatima Zohra
- ^ Chronicle for November 4, 1940
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | El Hassán ben el Mehdi, Muley |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | SAI el Jalifa |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Moroccan Jalifa in the Protectorate of Spanish Morocco |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 1, 1912 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Fez |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1984 |