Museum BehindPasseier
The association MuseumHinterPasseier was founded in 2016 in Moos in Passeier .
The purpose of the association is the establishment, management and administration of the "Museum Hinterpasseier" in Moos in Passeier, in the premises of the Bunker Mooseum. The association guarantees public access to tours and the use of the premises for cultural events. He also pursues the implementation, promotion, mediation, management and administration of all those institutions that are suitable to serve the cultural interests of the members in the best possible way.
Founding members include Konrad Pamer (chairman and founding member; Platt), Alberich Hofer (vice chairman, founding member; Pfelders), Regina Gufler (board member and founding member; Moos), Anna Pflug (board member and founding member; Stuls), Arnold Rinner ( Founding member; Platt), Gothard Gufler (Mayor of Moos and founding member; Rabenstein), Stefan Ilmer (Vice-Mayor of Moos and founding member; Stuls), Johannes Haller (founding member).
location
The headquarters of the MuseumHinterPasseier association is located in the glass tower that belongs to the Mooseum bunker in Moos in Passeier. The Bunker Mooseum is the main structure of the Museum HinterPasseier. In addition, there are three other structures that are managed and run by the MuseumHinterPasseier: The Timmelsjoch Experience, the museum structure Timmel_Transit and the Stieber Mooseum (opening spring 2019).
Structures
Bunker Mooseum
The Bunker Mooseum was officially opened on April 7, 2010 and was previously accessible free of charge as a construction site museum in 2009. It is owned by the municipality of Moos in Passeier and has several museum areas.
Glass tower
On the western edge of the village center of Moos in Passeier you can see the striking, modern glass tower designed by Baldini Stefan from Merano from afar. There is an information center on the Texel Group Nature Park on the ground floor, the entrance area with cash desk on the first floor, and a platform on the second floor with a view of moss and the surrounding area. A bridge on the first floor of the glass tower leads past the entrance area into the rock tunnel of the military bunker, where the main exhibition of the Mooseum bunker is located. Along the stairwell in the glass tower you can see pictures of the different levels of vegetation in the Texel Group Nature Park.
Information point for the Texel Group Nature Park
The Bunker Mooseum is the official information point of the Texel Group Nature Park . The nature park house is located in Naturns. The municipality of Moos in Passeier is the municipality with the largest municipality area in the nature park. In the exhibition room, a relief illustrates the nature park area and its surroundings such as the Burggrafenamt, the Passeier Valley and parts of the Vinschgau. There are also landscapes and films about the seven South Tyrolean nature parks. With an area of 31,400 hectares, the Texel Group Nature Park is the largest of the seven South Tyrolean nature parks and was founded in 1976 as the second nature park in South Tyrol.
bunker
The bunker, which was expanded into today's Bunker Mooseum from 2005 to 2010, is the southernmost of a total of six bunkers in Moos in Passeier. All bunker parts are original structures from 1942, which were built into the rock. The bunker consists of the storage tunnel with the main exhibition, the spiral staircase consisting of 177 steps inside the rock and the battle level with the three loopholes with the shooting direction Timmelsjoch . Until 1942, an eight-meter-thick, armored-bulletproof concrete bunker head was poured onto the rock. This bunker head was re-drilled for the museum and new 45 steps were created to get directly into the open area above the bunker head. The main exhibition in the storage tunnel is made up of various exhibition areas: bunker history, archeology, contemporary history, the Schneeberg mine.
Bunker story
In Moos in Passeier, a total of six bunkers were built as part of the Vallo Alpino del Littorio on Mussolini's orders from March 1940 to summer 1942 . This was intended to protect the pass crossing, the Timmelsjoch, from an attack by Germany and Adolf Hitler , despite the steel pact and the Berlin-Rome axis . However, all six bunkers of the "Sbarramento di Moso" were closed as shell structures in the summer of 1942 and never used during the war. The bunker , which was expanded to become the Mooseum Bunker, is the southernmost bunker and was named "opera 3". The other five bunkers are located in the mountain walls towards Timmelsjoch and are closed and unused.
In this exhibition area, the background to the construction of bunkers in Moos in Passeier and the Vallo Alpino del Littorio in South Tyrol is illuminated. A map of South Tyrol shows where General Badoglio had over 350 bunkers built on behalf of Mussolini from the mid-1930s to 1942. At the end of this exhibition area, a spiral staircase from 1942, consisting of 132 steps, leads through the rock to the combat level with the three loopholes. The positioning of machine guns with the direction of fire at Timmelsjoch was planned. In addition to the original ammunition rooms, there is also an original machine gun, a Breda 37, on display.
archeology
In the years 2003 to 2006, on behalf of the municipality of Moos in Passeier, archaeological excavation work was carried out on the alpine pastures of the Hinterpasseier as part of an Interreg-3 project. In the course of this, finds came to light, which are made accessible to the visitor in this exhibition. Microliths from the Mesolithic , a soul stone from the Copper Age , terminal rag axes from the Iron Age and a cattle bell from the 14th century, as well as other finds, prove and document the 10,000 year old settlement of the Hinterpasseier. The museum visitor is informed about the different dating methods of the finds, such as dendrochronology , C-14 dating and pollen analysis . For this purpose, an aquarium was built, which represents a raised bog, and a 500 year old tree disc was attached.
Contemporary history
This exhibition area shows the changes in the Hinterpasseiers - and at the same time South Tyrol - from the 19th century onwards. Towards the end of the 19th century the economy of the Passeier Valley flourished under the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the first steps in the direction of tourism were taken, the road and rail network in the country was expanded, and the Passeier people enjoyed prosperity. This satisfaction was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I and with the peace treaty of St. Germain near Paris in 1919, South Tyrol fell to Italy after it had belonged to Austria for 555 years. The Italianization of South Tyrol under Mussolini , the option agreement of October 21, 1939, the 1st and 2nd World War and the economically poor post-war period encouraged smuggling , poaching and crime in the Hinterpasseier and made the 20th century difficult for the Passeier Valley. A film animation about the change of the community Moos in Passeier from the poor, small mountain community to one of the richest communities in South Tyrol ends this exhibition.
Kummersee 1401–1774
In the back of the museum you can find information about the Kummersee in Rabenstein. From 1401 to 1774 the Kummersee existed below the village of Rabenstein in the rear Passeier valley. The 2 km long, 1 km wide and about 40 m deep lake was created in 1401 by a huge landslide on the left side of the valley below Rabenstein. It got its name because of its eight outbreaks and the associated devastation in the entire Passeier Valley and the city of Merano . When the lake erupted in 1419, the hospital and the hospital church in Merano were completely destroyed and 400 deaths were recorded. The eighth and largest lake outbreak in 1774 blew up the front sea dam and the Kummersee has not existed since then. The old lake basin at an altitude of 1,340 m can now be hiked on the newly created Kummerseerundweg. Eight stations along the circular route provide information about the history of the lake and the history of the village of Rabenstein.
Schneeberg mine
The Schneeberg Adventure Mining Museum is located directly above Moos in Passeier to the right of the Timmelsjoch at 2,355 m. The exhibition room in the left bunker tunnel of the Bunker Mooseum is dedicated to the formerly highest mine in Europe, Schneeberg . The mine area ranged from 2,000 to 2,500 m and was active until 1967. Silver, lead, copper and zinc were mined. The same mine can also be reached from Maiern in the Ridanna Valley, where the processing and transport facilities for the ores were located. The mining area and the ore deposits were always in the Hinterpasseier. A mineral collection, a pit hunt with utensils from the Schneeberg mine and several display boards and a film report on the history of the mining industry.
Ibex enclosure
In the spacious open area of the Bunker Mooseum there is an enclosure in which a group of ibex lives. The open outside staircase leads through the ibex enclosure. In 2018, a special decree from the Province of Bolzano succeeded in reintroducing ibexes born in the enclosure for the first time in South Tyrol.
The outside staircase also leads to the bird enclosure with crossbills , bullfinches , goldfinches , alder and birch siskins .
From here you have a direct view of the European long-distance hiking trail E5 , which leads past the Bunker Mooseum through the center of Moos in Passeier on to Stuls, via the Pfandleralm to Bozen, Verona or to Venice.
Also in the open area there is an original glacier mill , which testifies to the end of the last ice age , as well as a natural climbing wall on the outer front of the bunker.
Timmelsjoch experience
In 2009 five mini museums were built along the Timmelsjoch High Alpine Road: the Granat just above Moos in Passeier, the telescope just before the pass crossing on the South Tyrolean side, the pass museum directly on the Timmelsjoch, the footbridge and the smuggler on the Ötztal side. All five mini museums, which were designed by architect Werner Tscholl, are located directly on the Timmelsjoch High Alpine Road, offer parking and are accessible free of charge. The structures on the South Tyrolean side are managed by Museum HinterPasseier.
Timmel_Transit
In September 2018, the museum structure Timmel_Transit was opened as part of the July tree "50 years of Timmelsjochstrasse". The museum structure Timmel_Transit is thus the addition to the pass museum on the Timmelsjoch and can be hiked as part of a tour. As well as the five mini museums of the Timmelsjoch experience, the Timmel_Transit was also designed by the architect Werner Tscholl.
The structure illustrates the construction of the Timmelsjochstrasse, mainly on the Italian side.
Stieber Mooseum
In 2019 the Stieber Mooseum will be built in the old power station in Moos. The museum structure Stieber Mooseum takes its name from the waterfall of the same name directly above the future museum area.
The structure includes the topics of hydropower, power generation and the history of technology in the Hinterpasseier. The museum structure will be accessible free of charge.
literature
- Brochure " Texel Group Nature Park - About Water and Light " from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano
- Book " BUNKER " of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, authors: Josef Urthaler, Christina Niederkofler, Andrea Pozza
- Book " Schneeberg in Südtirol " by Harald Haller, Hermann Schölzhorn, Volkmar Mair . 2011
- Book " Passeier and the First World War " by Werner Graf, Sepp Haller. 2016
- Museum brochure on the Mooseum bunker