Myoviridae

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Myoviridae
Bacteriophage P2.jpg

P2 phages in the TEM

Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Duplodnaviria
Empire : Heunggongvirae
Phylum : Uroviricota
Class : Caudoviricetes
Order : Caudovirales
Family : Myoviridae
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA linear
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : icosahedral, tailed
Cover : no
Scientific name
Myoviridae
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 10662
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 140
ICTVdB Virus Code : 02.043
Typical appearance of a virus particle of the Myoviridae

The Myoviridae family comprises six genera of bacteriophage with a molecule of double-stranded DNA as a genome . The members of this family have an icosahedral capsid and a contractile tail part; Because of this contractile property, the family name derives from the Greek myos (μυός) for muscle . Within the Caudovirales order , the Myoviridae are characterized by particularly large, sometimes elongated capsids (e.g. T4 phage : 111 × 78 nm) and a very large genome (34-169  kbp ). The most important representative is the T4 phage ( Enterobacteria Phage T4 ), which was discovered early on, and whose special morphology and genetic properties played a prominent role in molecular biology research. The T4 DNA ligase derived from this phage is still used today in molecular biology.

Myoviridae have besides bacteria and archaea to host .

Systematics

The following system according to ICTV (status 2018b.v2 from March 2019, updated with status 2019.v1 from March 2020) only includes part of the associated species:

Family Myoviridae

00Subfamily Eucampyvirinae
  • Genus Firehammervirus (obsolete Cp220virus , Cp220likevirus , Cp220-like viruses )
  • Species Campylobacter virus CP220
  • Species Campylobacter virus CP81
00Subfamily Ounavirinae
  • Species Salmonella virus FelixO1
  • Species Citrobacter virus Moogle
00Subfamily Peduovirinae
  • Genus Hpunavirus (outdated Hp1virus , Hpunalikevirus , Hp1likevirus )
  • Genus Peduovirus (obsolete P2virus , P2likevirus , P2-like viruses , 13 species)
00Subfamily Spounavirinae
  • Genus Pecentum virus (obsolete P100 virus )
  • Genus Okubovirus (obsolete Spo1virus , Spounalikevirus , SPO1-like viruses , two species)
  • Genus tsarbombavirus
00Subfamily Tevenvirinae
00Subfamily Vequintavirinae
00 Subfamily not determined:
  • Species Burkholderia virus BcepMu
  • Mycobacterium phage Cali
  • Mycobacterium phage Catera
  • Mycobacterium phage Rizal
  • Mycobacterium phage ScottMcG
  • Mycobacterium phage spud
  • Species Mycobacterium virus I3 (alias Mycobacterium phage I3 )
  • Species " Mycobacterium phage Myrna " (proposed)
  • Species Pseudomonas virus EL (scientific Pseudomonas virus EL , obsolete Pseudomonas phage EL ) (*)
  • Species Halomonas virus HAP1
  • Species Iodobacter virus PLPE (obsolete Iodobacter phage phiPLPE ) (*)
  • Species Clostridium virus phiCD119
  • Genus Myohalovirus (outdated Phihlikevirus , phiH-like viruses , PhiH-like viruses )
  • Species Burkholderia virus Bcep1
  • Species Burkholderia virus Bcep43
  • Species Burkholderia virus Bcep781 (*, formerly genus Vidavervirus ; obsolete Bcep78virus , Bcep78likevirus , Bcep78-like viruses )
  • Species Xanthomonas virus OP2
  • Species Synechococcus virus ACG2014bSyn9311C4
  • Genus Punavirus (obsolete P1virus , Punalikevirus , P1likevirus , P1-like viruses , 2 species)
  • Species Salmonella virus SPN3US (obsolete Salmonella phage SPN3US )
00 Proposals / candidates not yet confirmed by ICTV:
  • Genus " Cbasmlikevirus "
  • Species " Cellulophaga phage phiSM " (*)
  • Species " Cellulophaga phage phi3: 1 "
  • Species " Cellulophaga phage phi3ST: 2 "
  • Species " Cellulophaga phage phi38: 2 "
  • Species " Cellulophaga phage phi47: 1 "
  • Genus " Cyanomyoviruses " (informal)
  • Species " Synechococcus phage Syn9 " (alias " Bacteriophage Syn9 ", " Cyanophage Syn9 ")
  • Species " Prochlorococcus phage P-SSM4 " (alias " Cyanophage P-SSM4 ")
  • Genus " Hfunalikevirus "
  • Species " Halovirus HF1 " (*)
  • Species " Halovirus HF2 "
  • Genus " Rv5likevirus "
  • Species " Enterobacteria phage phi92 "
  • Species " Escherichia phage rV5 " (*)
  • Species " Escherichia phage vB_EcoM_FV3 "
  • Genus " Sfv and relatives " (informal, to be distinguished from the species Rabbit fibroma virus alias Shope fibroma virus , genus Leporipoxvirus , Poxviridae )
  • Species " Enterobacteria phage SfV " (alias " Shigella phage SfV ", " Shigella flexneri bacteriophage V ") (*)
  • Species " Escherichia phage P27 "
  • without proposed genus:
  • Species " Aggregatibacter phage Aaphi23 " (alias " Bacteriophage Aaphi23 ", suggested)
  • Species " Bdellovibrio phage phi1402 "
  • Species " Bdellovibrio phage phi1422 "
  • Species " Pectobacterium phage ZF40 "
  • Species " Pseudomonas phage OBP " (alias Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteriophage OBP , suggested)
  • Species " Sphingomonas Phage PAU "
  • Species " Vibrio phage 138 "
  • Species " Vibrio phage CP-T1 "
  • Species " Yersinia phage PY100 "
00The following giant phages ( eng. " Huge phages ": jumbo and megaphages) may belong to the Myoviridae (without rank):
  • " Kabirphage "
  • " Mahaphage " with the subgroup
  • " Lak-Phages " with the representatives Lak-A1, Lak-A2, Lak-B1 to Lak-B9 and Lak-C1
  • " Biggiephage "
  • " Dakhmphage "
  • " Kyodaiphage "
  • " Kaempephage "
  • " Jabbarphage "
  • " Enormephage "
  • " Judaphage "
  • " Whopperphage "

Displacements:

  • Genus Vi1virus (obsolete Viunalikevirus ) with species Bacteriophage ϕMAM1 was moved to the new Caudovirales family Ackermannviridae , subfamily Cvivirinae .
  • Genus Siminovitchvirus (outdated Cp51virus ) was moved to the new Caudovirales family Herelleviridae , subfamily Spounavirinae .
  • The genera Agatevirus , Bequatrovirus (obsolete B4virus ), Bastillevirus , Caeruleovirus (obsolete Bc431virus ), Nitunavirus (obsolete Nit1virus ) with species Bacillus virus NIT1 and Wphvirus have also been moved to the new family Herelleviridae , but subfamily Bastillevirinae .
  • The new subfamily Twortvirinae of the Herelleviridae now contains the genera Baoshanvirus , Harbinvirus , Kayvirus , Sciuriunavirus , Sepunavirus (out of date Sep1virus ), Silviavirus , Twortvirus (alias Twortlikevirus , Twort-like viruses ) with the type species Staphylococcus virus Twort

literature

  • AMQ King, MJ Adams, EB Carstens, EJ Lefkowitz (Eds.): Virus Taxonomy. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Amsterdam 2012, ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 , pp. 46-62.
  • CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al .: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. London / San Diego 2004.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterobacteria phage T4 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ NCBI: Synechococcus phage S-PM2 (species)
  4. ↑ Pseudomonas phage 201phi2-1 , on: Virus-Host DB, TAX: 198110
  5. ↑ Proteomes - Pseudomonas phage 201phi2-1 , on: UniProt
  6. ↑ NCBI: Pseudomonas phage 201phi2-1 (species)
  7. ↑ NCBI: Prochlorococcus virus PSSM2 (species)
  8. ↑ a b Denise Brehm: Viruses Use Bacteria for Reproduction , on: SciTechDaily from January 26, 2012
  9. ↑ a b Qinglu Zeng, Sallie W. Chisholm: Marine Viruses Exploit Their Host's Two-Component Regulatory System in Response to Resource Limitation , in: Curr Biol Volume 22, No. & nbs; 2, CellPress of January 24, 2012, pp. 124-128, doi: 10.1016 / j.cub.2011.11.055 , PDF , Supplement 1
  10. ↑ Ian J. Campbell, Jose Luis Olmos Jr., Weijun Xu, Dimithree Kahanda, Joshua T. Atkinson, Othneil Noble Sparks, Mitchell D. Miller, George N. Phillips Jr., George N. Bennett, Jonathan J. Silberg: Prochlorococcus phage ferredoxin: Structural characterization and electron transfer to cyanobacterial sulfite reductases - Phage Fd characterization and host SIR interactions, in: J. Biol. Chem., ASBMB Publications from May 19, 2020, doi: 10.1074 / jbc.RA120.013501 , PDF
  11. ↑ Beneath the Ocean's Surface, a Virus Is Hijacking the Most Abundant Organism on Earth , on: SciTechDaily from June 6, 2020, source: Rice University
  12. ↑ NCBI: Synechococcus virus S-SM1 (species)
  13. ↑ S. B. Santos, A. M. Kropinski, P.-J. Ceyssens, H.-W. Ackermann, A. Villegas, R. Lavigne, V. N. Krylov, CM Carvalho, E. C. Ferreira, J. Azeredo: Genomic and Proteomic Characterization of the Broad-Host-Range Salmonella Phage PVP-SE1: Creation of a New Phage Genus . In: Journal of Virology . 85, No. 21, 2011, pp. 11265-11273. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.01769-10 . PMID 21865376 . PMC 3194984 (free full text).
  14. ↑ L. Truncaite, E. Šimoliūnas, A. Zajančkauskaite, L. Kaliniene, R. Mankevičiūte, J. Staniulis, V. Klausa, R. Meškys: Bacteriophage vB_EcoM_FV3: A new member of "rV5-like viruses" . In: Archives of Virology . 157, No. 12, 2012, pp. 2431-2435. doi : 10.1007 / s00705-012-1449-x . PMID 22907825 .
  15. ↑ A. Cornelissen, S. C. Hardies, O. V. Shaburova, V. N. Krylov, W. Mattheus, A. M. Kropinski, R. Lavigne: Complete Genome Sequence of the Giant Virus OBP and Comparative Genome Analysis of the Diverse KZ-Related Phages . In: Journal of Virology . 86, No. 3, 2011, pp. 1844-1852. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.06330-11 . PMID 22130535 . PMC 3264338 (free full text).
  16. ↑ CM Mizuno, F. Rodriguez-Valera, N. E. Kimes, R. Ghai: Expanding the Marine Virosphere Using Metagenomics . In: PLoS Genetics . 9, No. 12, 2013, p. E1003987. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pgen.1003987 . PMID 24348267 . PMC 3861242 (free full text).
  17. ↑ K. Holmfeldt, N. Solonenko, M. Shah, K. Corrier, L. Riemann, NC Verberkmoes, M. B. Sullivan: Twelve previously unknown phage genera are ubiquitous in global oceans . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 110, No. 31, 2013, pp. 12798-12803. doi : 10.1073 / pnas.1305956110 . PMID 23858439 . PMC 3732932 (free full text).
  18. ↑ NCBI: unclassified Myoviridae
  19. ↑ NCBI: Synechococcus phage syn9 (species)
  20. ↑ NCBI: Cyanophage Syn9 (species)
  21. ↑ NCBI: Prochlorococcus phage P-SSM4 (species)
  22. ↑ NCBI: Rabbit fibroma virus (species)
  23. ↑ NCBI: Enterobacteria phage SfV (species)
  24. ↑ NVBI: Sphingomonas phage PAU (species)
  25. Jump up ↑ Richard Allen White III, Curtis A. Suttle: The Draft Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas paucimobilis Strain HER1398 (Proteobacteria), Host to the Giant PAU Phage, Indicates That It Is a Member of the Genus Sphingobacterium (Bacteroidetes) , in: Genome Announc. 1 (4), July-August 2013, e00598-13, doi: 10.1128 / genomeA.00598-13 , PMID 23929486 , PMC 3738902 (free full text)
  26. ↑ Basem Al-Shayeb, Rohan Sachdeva, L. Chen, Jillian F. Banfield et al. : Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems , in: Nature from February 12, 2020, doi: 10.1038 / s41586-020-2007-4
  27. ↑ Ed Yong: A Huge Discovery in the World of Viruses , on: The Atlantic, February 20, 2020
  28. ↑ Audra E. Devoto, Joanne M. Santini et al. : Megaphages infect Prevotella and variants are widespread in gut microbiomes , in: Nature Microbiology, Volume 4, pp. 693-700, January 28, 2019, doi: 10.1038 / s41564-018-0338-9 , especially Table 1 and Supplementary Figure 11