Myxoxanthophyll

Structural formula
General
Surname	Myxoxanthophyll
other names	Myxol-2'-quinovoside; (3 R , 2 ′ S ) -2 ′ - (α- L -quinovosyloxy) -3 ′, 4′-didehydro-1 ′, 2′-dihydro-β, ψ-carotene-3,1′-diol;
Molecular formula	C 46 H 66 O 7
Brief description	purple crystals
External identifiers / databases
PubChem	16061291
Wikidata	Q1956980
properties
Molar mass	731.02 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	172 ° C
solubility	good in ethanol and acetone
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Myxoxanthophyll is an oxygenated carotenoid or xanthophyll . The glycoside is made up of the carotenoid alcohol myxol and a monosaccharide - usually L - quinovose , sometimes 2,4-dimethyl L - fucose - and occurs in cyanobacteria along with other carotenoids such as zeaxanthin or echinenone in their membranes.

Myxoxanthophyll has been found in a large number of cyanobacteria examined so far in amounts of 9 to 42% of all carotenes and carotenoids. It has not yet been detected in other photosynthetically active bacteria and algae .

As with all tetraterpenes, the aglycone myxol is biosynthesized from two units of geranyl pyrophosphate via phytoin and lycopene . The glycon L -chinovose only occurs here in the L -form.

The myxoxanthophyll is usually located in the cell wall and other membranes of the cyanobacteria and is partly responsible for their coloring. According to studies on Synechocystis , it is also necessary for the correct function of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts . Furthermore, myxoxanthophyll seems to have a protective function for the photosynthetic apparatus - similar to the related zeaxanthin in higher plants.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b J. Buckingham: Dictionary of Natural Products. CRC Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-412-46620-5
^ ^A ^b G. Britton, S. Liaaen-Jensen, H. Pfander, AZ Mercadante, ES Egeland: Carotenoids Handbook: Handbook. Birkhäuser, 2004, ISBN 978-3-7643-6180-8
↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
↑ Takaichi, S. et al. (2001): Myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is Myxol 2′-dimethyl-fucoside, (3R, 2′S) -Myxol 2 ′ - (2,4-di-O-methyl-α-l-fucoside), not rhamnoside. (PDF; 373 kB) In: Plant Cell Physiol. 42 (7): 756-762. PMID 11479383
↑ Mohamed, HE et al. (2005): Myxoxanthophyll is required for normal cell wall structure and thylakoid organization in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. (PDF; 454 kB) In: J. Bacteriol. 187 (20): 6883-6892. PMID 16199557
↑ GA Peschek, W. Löffelhardt, G. Butterer: The Phototrophic Prokaryotes: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium Held in Vienna, Austria, September 6-12, 1997. S. 799, Springer, 1998, ISBN 978-0-306- 45923-8
↑ HE Mohamed, AML van de Meene, RW Roberson, WFJ Vermaas: Myxoxanthophyll Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure and Thylakoid Organization in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 , in J. Bacteriol. 2005 October; 187 (20): 6883-6892.
^ I. Domonkos, P. Malec, H. Laczko-Dobos, O. Sozer, K. Klodawska, H. Wada, K. Strzalka, Z. Gombos: Phosphatidylglycerol Depletion Induces an Increase in Myxoxanthophyll Biosynthetic Activity in Synechocystis PCC6803 Cells. in Plant and Cell Physiology. 2009 50 (2): 374-382.

[Buckingham-1] A ^b J. Buckingham: Dictionary of Natural Products. CRC Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-412-46620-5

[carhb-2] A ^b G. Britton, S. Liaaen-Jensen, H. Pfander, AZ Mercadante, ES Egeland: Carotenoids Handbook: Handbook. Birkhäuser, 2004, ISBN 978-3-7643-6180-8

[NV-3] This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[4] Takaichi, S. et al. (2001): Myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is Myxol 2′-dimethyl-fucoside, (3R, 2′S) -Myxol 2 ′ - (2,4-di-O-methyl-α-l-fucoside), not rhamnoside. (PDF; 373 kB) In: Plant Cell Physiol. 42 (7): 756-762. PMID 11479383

[5] Mohamed, HE et al. (2005): Myxoxanthophyll is required for normal cell wall structure and thylakoid organization in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. (PDF; 454 kB) In: J. Bacteriol. 187 (20): 6883-6892. PMID 16199557

[6] GA Peschek, W. Löffelhardt, G. Butterer: The Phototrophic Prokaryotes: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium Held in Vienna, Austria, September 6-12, 1997. S. 799, Springer, 1998, ISBN 978-0-306- 45923-8

[7] HE Mohamed, AML van de Meene, RW Roberson, WFJ Vermaas: Myxoxanthophyll Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure and Thylakoid Organization in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 , in J. Bacteriol. 2005 October; 187 (20): 6883-6892.

[8] I. Domonkos, P. Malec, H. Laczko-Dobos, O. Sozer, K. Klodawska, H. Wada, K. Strzalka, Z. Gombos: Phosphatidylglycerol Depletion Induces an Increase in Myxoxanthophyll Biosynthetic Activity in Synechocystis PCC6803 Cells. in Plant and Cell Physiology. 2009 50 (2): 374-382.