Myxoxanthophyll
Structural formula | ||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||
Surname | Myxoxanthophyll | |||||||||
other names |
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Molecular formula | C 46 H 66 O 7 | |||||||||
Brief description |
purple crystals |
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properties | ||||||||||
Molar mass | 731.02 g · mol -1 | |||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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Melting point |
172 ° C |
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solubility |
good in ethanol and acetone |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Myxoxanthophyll is an oxygenated carotenoid or xanthophyll . The glycoside is made up of the carotenoid alcohol myxol and a monosaccharide - usually L - quinovose , sometimes 2,4-dimethyl L - fucose - and occurs in cyanobacteria along with other carotenoids such as zeaxanthin or echinenone in their membranes.
Myxoxanthophyll has been found in a large number of cyanobacteria examined so far in amounts of 9 to 42% of all carotenes and carotenoids. It has not yet been detected in other photosynthetically active bacteria and algae .
As with all tetraterpenes, the aglycone myxol is biosynthesized from two units of geranyl pyrophosphate via phytoin and lycopene . The glycon L -chinovose only occurs here in the L -form.
The myxoxanthophyll is usually located in the cell wall and other membranes of the cyanobacteria and is partly responsible for their coloring. According to studies on Synechocystis , it is also necessary for the correct function of the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts . Furthermore, myxoxanthophyll seems to have a protective function for the photosynthetic apparatus - similar to the related zeaxanthin in higher plants.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b J. Buckingham: Dictionary of Natural Products. CRC Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-412-46620-5
- ^ A b G. Britton, S. Liaaen-Jensen, H. Pfander, AZ Mercadante, ES Egeland: Carotenoids Handbook: Handbook. Birkhäuser, 2004, ISBN 978-3-7643-6180-8
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ↑ Takaichi, S. et al. (2001): Myxoxanthophyll in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is Myxol 2′-dimethyl-fucoside, (3R, 2′S) -Myxol 2 ′ - (2,4-di-O-methyl-α-l-fucoside), not rhamnoside. (PDF; 373 kB) In: Plant Cell Physiol. 42 (7): 756-762. PMID 11479383
- ↑ Mohamed, HE et al. (2005): Myxoxanthophyll is required for normal cell wall structure and thylakoid organization in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. (PDF; 454 kB) In: J. Bacteriol. 187 (20): 6883-6892. PMID 16199557
- ↑ GA Peschek, W. Löffelhardt, G. Butterer: The Phototrophic Prokaryotes: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium Held in Vienna, Austria, September 6-12, 1997. S. 799, Springer, 1998, ISBN 978-0-306- 45923-8
- ↑ HE Mohamed, AML van de Meene, RW Roberson, WFJ Vermaas: Myxoxanthophyll Is Required for Normal Cell Wall Structure and Thylakoid Organization in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 , in J. Bacteriol. 2005 October; 187 (20): 6883-6892.
- ^ I. Domonkos, P. Malec, H. Laczko-Dobos, O. Sozer, K. Klodawska, H. Wada, K. Strzalka, Z. Gombos: Phosphatidylglycerol Depletion Induces an Increase in Myxoxanthophyll Biosynthetic Activity in Synechocystis PCC6803 Cells. in Plant and Cell Physiology. 2009 50 (2): 374-382.