n- propylbenzene

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Structural formula
Structural formula of n-propylbenzene
General
Surname n- propylbenzene
other names
  • Propylbenzene ( IUPAC )
  • 1-phenylpropane
Molecular formula C 9 H 12
Brief description

colorless, flammable liquid with a pungent aromatic odor

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 103-65-1
EC number 203-132-9
ECHA InfoCard 100,002,848
PubChem 7668
Wikidata Q288806
properties
Molar mass 120.19 g mol −1
Physical state

liquid

density

0.86 g cm −3 (20 ° C)

Melting point

−99.6 ° C

boiling point

159 ° C

Vapor pressure
  • 4.55 hPa (25 ° C)
  • 13.3 hPa (43 ° C)
  • 20 hPa (50 ° C)
solubility
Refractive index

1.491 (20 ° C)

safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary
02 - Highly / extremely flammable 08 - Dangerous to health 07 - Warning 09 - Dangerous for the environment

danger

H and P phrases H: 226-304-335-411
P: 261-273-301 + 310-331
Toxicological data

LD 50 oral rat: 6040 mg / kg

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

n- Propylbenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and under standard conditions a colorless liquid with a characteristic, pungent aromatic odor. In many common organic solvents , e.g. B. diethyl ether and ethanol , n- propylbenzene is soluble, but very sparingly soluble in water. It belongs to the group of C 3 benzenes .

presentation

n- Propylbenzene is formed from propiophenone by reaction with semicarbazide hydrochloride to form the corresponding semicarbazone , which is then converted into the product with KOH in diethylene glycol .

properties

Physical Properties

n- Propylbenzene is a colorless liquid that boils at 159 ° C under normal pressure . According to Antoine, the vapor pressure function results from log 10 (P) = A− (B / (T + C)) (P in bar, T in K) with A = 4.07584, B = 1490.963 and C = −66 , 0 in the temperature range from 349 K to 433.4 K. Two polymorphic crystal forms are known in the solid phase . Crystal form I melts at −99.6 ° C with a heat of fusion of 9.268 kJ mol −1 , crystal form II at −101.5 ° C with a heat of fusion of 8.498 kJ mol −1 .

Important thermodynamic quantities are given in the following table:

Compilation of the most important thermodynamic properties
property Type Value [unit] Remarks
Standard enthalpy of formation Δ f H 0 liquid
Δ f H 0 gas 		−38.4 kJ mol −1
7.82 kJ mol −1 		as a liquid
as a gas
Enthalpy of combustion Δ c H 0 liquid −5218.24 kJ mol −1 as a liquid
Heat capacity c p 214.72 J mol −1 K −1 (25 ° C)
1.79 J g −1 K −1 (25 ° C) 		as a liquid
Critical temperature T c 638.4 K
Critical pressure p c 32.0 bar
Critical volume V c 0.44 l mol −1
Critical density ρ c 2.27 mol·l −1
Enthalpy of evaporation Δ V H 42.7 kJ mol −1 at normal pressure boiling point

Safety-related parameters

n- Propylbenzene forms flammable vapor-air mixtures above the flash point. The compound has a flash point of 39 ° C. The explosion range is between 0.8% by volume (40 g / m 3 ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 6.0% by volume (300 g / m 3 ) as the upper explosion limit (UEL). The ignition temperature is 450 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T2.

use

n- Propylbenzene is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and in the textile dye industry.

Web links

Commons : N-Propylbenzene  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Entry on propylbenzene in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 16, 2017(JavaScript required) .
  2. ↑ David R. Lide: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 85th edition, 2005, CRC Press, chap. 3, p. 484.
  3. ↑ Data sheet n-propylbenzene from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on February 16, 2017 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ Entry on Propylbenzene in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 16, 2017. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
  5. ↑ Test specification : n-propylbenzene (PDF) from the collection of integrated organic-chemical internship at the University of Regensburg, accessed on February 16, 2017.
  6. ↑ Forziati, AF; Norris, WR; Rossini, FD: Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Sixty API-NBS Hydrocarbons in J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 43 (1949), pp. 555-563 ( doi: 10.6028 / jres.043.050 ).
  7. ↑ a b Messerly, JF; Todd, SS; Finke, HL: Low-temperature thermodynamic properties of n-propyl- and n-butylbenzene in J. Phys. Chem. 69 (1965), pp. 4304-4311 ( doi: 10.1021 / j100782a038 ).
  8. ↑ a b c Prosen, EJ; Gilmont, R .; Rossini, FD: Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene in J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (US) 34 (1945), pp. 65-70 ( PDF ).
  9. ↑ a b c d Tsonopoulos, C .; Ambrose, D .: Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons in J. Chem. Eng. Data 40 (1995), pp. 547-558 ( doi: 10.1021 / je00019a002 ).
  10. ↑ Stephenson, RM; Malanowski, S .: Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds , 1987.
  11. ↑ enius: n-propyl , accessed on May 1, 2018th